Chukwuma Nzeogwu

[[File:Chukwuma Nzeogwu.jpg|thumb|Chukwuma Nzeogwu]]

Lieutenant-Colonel Patrick Chukwuma "Kaduna" Nzeogwu (26 Ọṣù Kínní ọdún 1937 – 29 ọjó Keje ọdún 1967) Ó jẹ́ ògágun ológun Nàìjíríà tó kọ́ ipa pàtàkì nínú ifipabajoba Naijiria odun 1966, eleyii ti o gba Orile-ede Naijiria kinni .

Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbésí ayé

Patrick Chukwuma Nzeogwu ni wọ́n bí ní Ọjọ́ kerindinlogbon Ọṣù kejì ọdún 1937 ni ilu Kaduna ni orile-ede Naijiria . Ilu naa jẹ olú-ìlú ti Ẹkun Ariwa ni akoko yẹn. A bi si ìdílé Anioma, o lọ si ile-iwe Kristiẹni méjì ní Kaduna fún eto ẹkọ alakọbẹrẹ ati girama, Saint Joseph's Catholic Primary School ati Saint John's College. Ni Saint John's College, Nzeogwu di ọrẹ timọtimọ pẹlu Christian Anufur . ^[1]

Ni Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 1957, Nzeogwu forúkọsílè bi oṣiṣẹ-cadet ni Nigeria Regiment of the Royal West African Frontier Force o si tẹsiwajue ní ikẹkọ alakoko oṣu mẹfa ni Gold Coast . O pari ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ rẹ̀ nibẹ ni Oṣù Kẹ̀wá Ọdún 1957 o si lọ si Royal Military Academy Sandhurst ni England nibiti o ti gba aṣẹ gẹgẹbi òṣìṣẹ́ ọmọ-ọgun ẹlẹsẹ ni Ọdún 1959. Lẹhinna o gba ikẹkọ oṣiṣẹ platoon kan ni Hythe ati ikẹkọ ìgbìmò ni Warminster. ^[2] òpìtàn ọmọ Nàìjíríà Max Siollum ti ṣe àpèjúwe Nzeogwu gẹ́gẹ́ bí “Katólíìkì olùfọkànsìn, teetotaler, tí kì í mu sìgá, tí ó sì jẹ́ pé ó jẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́, kò lo àkókò púpọ̀ láti lépa àwọn obìnrin.” ^[3]

Isé ọlógun

Nígbàtí o padà sí orílé-èdè Nàìjíríà ni May 1960, Nzeogwu ti wa ni ranse si Nigeria Regiment's 1st Battalion ni Enugu nibi ti Major Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi ti wa ni awọn keji-alakoso labẹ British Oṣiṣẹ. ^[4] Leyin naa ni won gbe e si Batalion karun-un ni Kaduna nibi to ti di ore pelu Olusegun Obasanjo . ^[4] Awon akegbé re tí wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ Hausa fun un ni oruko " Kaduna " nitori ìjọra rè Pẹ̀lú ìlú naa. ^[5] Lẹhin ti o ṣiṣẹ ni Kongo ni ọdun 1961, Nzeogwu ni a yan gẹ́gẹ́ bi òṣìṣẹ́ ikẹkọ ni Depot Training Army ni Zaria fun bii oṣu mẹfa ṣaaju ki wọ́n to fi ranṣẹ si Eko lati ṣe olori apakan oye ologun ni Ile-iṣẹ Army nibiti o jẹ oṣiṣẹ akọkọ Naijiria. ^[6]

Asiwaju ti Nigerian Army Intelligence Corps (NAIC) ni aaye Aabo aaye (FSS) ti Royal Nigerian Army, eyi ti a da ni 1 Kọkànlá Oṣù 1962 pẹlu Captain PG Harrington (BR) bi Gbọgbọgbọ Oṣiṣẹ Officer Grade Meji (GSO2 Int). FSS jẹ pataki agbari aabo ti awọn iṣẹ rẹ pẹlu ṣiṣe ayẹwo awọn oṣiṣẹ ologun Naijiria (NA), aabo iwe ati oye oye . Major Nzeogwu ni Oṣiṣẹ Naijiria akọkọ lati ṣe adehun yẹn lati Oṣu kọkanla ọdun 1962 si 1964. Gẹgẹbi oṣiṣẹ oye ologun, o kopa ninu awọn iwadii iwa-ipa nla ti Obafemi Awolowo ati awọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ Action Group miiran. Gẹgẹbi Olusegun Obasanjo, "Chukwuma ni awọn ọrọ ti o buruju lati sọ nipa aabo orilẹ-ede Naijiria, ati nípa àwọn ti a ṣe ìwádìí. Ti o ba ni ọna rẹ, o sọ pe, itọju rẹ si gbogbo ẹjọ naa yoo yatọ". ^[7] A gbọ́ pé Nzeogwu dojú ìjà kọ àwọn akẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun kan ní ipò rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀gá ọlọ́gbọ́n ológun, kódà ó tilẹ̀ dojú ìjà kọ mínísítà fún ìjọba, Ibrahim Tako . ^[6] Nitori naa, o fiweranṣẹ si Ile-ẹkọ Ikẹkọ Ologun Naijiria ni Kaduna nibiti o ti di Olukọni Alakoso. ^[6]

Ìdìtè gbàjọba tí ọdún 1966 ni Nàìjíríà

Ètò àti ìgbáradì ìdìtè gbàjọba

Ètò ti ìdìtè gbàjọba naa bẹrẹ pẹlu ẹgbẹ inu ti awọn ọdọ ológun ti o kọ ẹkọ ni ile-ẹkọ giga ti o pinnu iyipada ologun orilẹede nípa gbígba agbára ni awọn olu-ilu agbègbè ti Kaduna (Ẹkun Àríwá) ati Ibadan (Ẹkun Iwọ-oorun), ati lẹhinna gba ìṣàkóso ti Eko (Federal Territory). Nzeogwu ni wọn gbé iṣẹ ṣiṣe lati dari awọn ìyípadà ni Agbègbè Àríwá ti o bẹrẹ pẹlu Operation Damisa ni 15 January 1966 ati, ni awọn ipele nigbamii, Operation Kura, Operation Zaki ati Operation Giwa ti yoo ti pari ni ipaniyan ti idasile ariwa. ^[8] ^[9]

Nzeogwu bẹrẹ ìgbáradì rẹ nípa sísétò ìdárayá alé ọjọó méjì "Damisa" (Operation Tiger) lati kọ awọn ọmọ-ọgun ni awọn ìlànà ìjà tuntun. Ìdárayá naa je ifọwọsi nipasẹ awọn alaṣẹ ti ile-iṣẹ Brigade àkókò ti o han gbangba pe ko mọ awọn ipinnu gidi ti Nzeogwu, ati pe Brigade Major, Alphonso Keshi, ti fi awọn iwe-ipin ranṣẹ si gbogbo awọn ẹgbẹ ti n ṣiṣẹ labẹ Brigade lati ṣe alabapin awọn ọmọ ogun si aṣeyọri ti adaṣe naa. Nigba ti Major Keshi ti rii pe "Operation Damisa" jẹ rikisi ologun, o ti pẹ lati koju iṣẹ naa. ^[9]

Ìdìtè gbàjọba àti ìfọrísánpón re

Ni awọn wakati ibẹrẹ ti 15 January 1966, Nzeogwu mu ẹgbẹ́ kan ti awọn ọmọ-ogun labẹ ohun ^[10] idaraya ologun ti o yẹ, o mu wọn lati kọlu ibugbe osise ti Alakoso ariwa, Sir Ahmadu Bello, nínú ìṣòtè ẹjẹ ti Ó jásí ipaniyan ti awọn Alakoso ti Northern ati Western Nigeria. Alakoso Agba ( Abubakar Tafawa Balewa ), minisita apapo kan ( Festus Okotie-Eboh ), ati awọn olori ogun ti o ga julọ lati awọn ẹkun Ariwa ati Iwọ-oorun ti orilẹ-ede naa ni a tun pa.

Lati ijọba ti o wa tẹlẹ, alaga ti agbegbe Ila-oorun ( Michael Okpara ), Aare ile-igbimọ Naijiria ( Nnamdi Azikiwe ) ati Alakoso Ogun Igbo ( Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi ) jẹ olokiki ti o ku. Ìṣẹ àti ìhùwàsí Nzeogwu ni Ariwa kò kedere lára ohun tí ose okunfa ifipabajoba ni northern Nàìjíríà

Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ìròyìn Ẹ̀ka Ọ́fíìsì Àkànṣe Ọlọ́pàá Nàìjíríà ṣe sọ, Nzeogwu pa àwọn ọmọ ogun mẹ́rin ó kéré tán, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ alaabo ọlọ́pàá àti ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọkùnrin tó wà nínú ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ (Sargeant Daramola Oyegoke). Nzeogwu tun kopa ninu ipaniyan ti Col. Raph Shodeinde, ọga rẹ ti o ga julọ ni Ile-ẹkọ Ikẹkọ Ologun Naijiria

Lẹhin ti o ń dúró fun ikede r

Mu ati ẹ̀wọ̀n

Leyin ikede ti Kaduna, ati àlàyé pe Nzeogwu n ko àwọn ọmọ ogun jo lati kọlu Eko eleyii ti o seese nigba naa, Alakoso Ogun, Maj. Gen. Aguiyi Ironsi ran awon asoju ti okunrin kan Maj. Maj. Nzeogwu ṣeto awọn ipo ti Gen. Ironsi gba si. Aguyi Ironsi gba agbara, ti won si mu Nzeogwu ni ilu Eko ni ojo kejìdínlógún oṣù kìíní ọdún 1966 ni ilodi si awon adehun ti won ti waye tele laarin Nzeogwu ati Ironsi. ^[8] Aguiyi Ironsi di aarẹ orílẹ̀ èdè leyin na, ó sì fi olopa mú Nzeogwu lèyí to lòdì sí adehun àjọsọ wọn tẹlẹ laarin Aguiyi Ironsi àti Nzeogwu. O wa ni ẹwọn Kirikiri ti o ga julọ ni Eko .

Reprisals ati 1966 counter-coup

Ìdìtè gbàjọba tí òfì orí sonpon ni January ti awọn ọmọ ogun ti ẹya Igbo darí rẹ eyiti o fa ipaniyan ti ọpọlọpọ awọn oloselu ariwa ati awọn oṣiṣẹ ologun, yorisi awọn ariyanjiyan ẹya ti o si ṣokùnfà ikọlu igbẹsan lori awọn olugbe Igbo ni ariwa Naijiria. Rògbòdìyàn naa tun yori si igbẹsan nipasẹ awọn ọmọ ogun Ariwa ni Oṣu Keje ọdun 1966, tí ó sì pafa kéhìn si ọgun abẹ́lé

Itu silẹ, ikopa nínú ọgun Biafra ati iku

Leyin naa ni won gbe Nzeogwu lo si tubu Aba ni ekun Ila-oorun nibi ti Gomina Egbegbe Ila-oorun ati Aare ojo iwaju fun Biafra, Chukwuemeka Ojukwu ti tu sile ni osui keta odun 1967.

Ni 30 May 1967, Biafra kede ominira rẹ kúrò ní orílẹ̀ èdè Nàìjíríà; Eyi waye nipa pipa awọn ọmọ Igbo ti wọn gbé ni Ariwa Naijiria nitori ìfipágbàjọba ti Nzeogwu ṣe ti o pa awọn aṣáájú pàtàkì lati ariwa ati Iwọ-oorun Naijiria. Eyi lo fa igbẹsan awọn ara ariwa si awọn araalu Igbo - Nzeogwu jẹ ti ẹya Igbo jade - eyi ti o fa rudurudu ati ipaniyan, ati pe Gbọgbọgbọ Yakubu Gowon kọ lati kọkọ ko awọn oṣiṣẹ aabo lati da ipaniyan naa duro. ^[11]

Ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù keje ọdún 1967, Nzeogwu – ẹni tí wọ́n ti gbéga sí ipò Biafra Lt. Colonel – ti kó sínú ibùba kan nítòsí Nsukka nígbà tí ó ń ṣe iṣẹ́ àyẹwò alẹ́ lòdì sí àwọn ọmọ ogun àpapọ̀ ti ẹgbẹ́ ológun 21st lábẹ́ Captain Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi . Wọ́n pa á lẹ́nu iṣẹ́, wọ́n sì dá òkú rẹ̀ mọ̀ lẹ́yìn náà; ^[12] bi o ti wu ki o ri, arabinrin rẹ tẹnumọ pe o pa ara rẹ lati yago fun itiju nipasẹ awọn ọmọ-ogun apapo. Lẹ́yìn ogun abẹ́lé, ọ̀gá ológun ti orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, Ọ̀gágun Yakubu Gowon, pàṣẹ fún Nzeogwu pé kí wọ́n sin Nzeogwu sí ibojì àwọn ológun ní Kaduna pẹ̀lú ọlá ológun ní kíkún. ^[13]

Ogún

Diẹ ninu awọn ìwòye rí Nzeogwu bi ajijagbara. Ṣùgbọ́n, awọn iṣe rẹ, pẹlu awọn ti awọn dìtẹmọ ikọlujọba January 15, 1966, jẹ ikọlu si ijọba orilẹede Naijiria ti ijọba tiwantiwa yan. Ijọba naa ja si ipaniyan ti awọn oṣiṣẹ ijọba giga ti o si fi aye silẹ fun ọdun 13 ti ijọba ologun (1966 si 1979), ti ijọba ijọba tiwantiwa ti orilẹ-ede Naijiria lati 1979 si 1983, eyiti o da nipasẹ idasi ologun miiran ti o duro fun ọdun 16 afikun titi di ọdun 1999.

Awọn itọkasi

↑ Nzeogwu: An Intimate Portrait of Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu.
↑ Obasanjo, Olusegun. Nzeogwu: An Intimate Portrait of Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu.
↑ Empty citation (help)
1 2 Obasanjo, Olusegun (1987). Nzeogwu: An Intimate Portrait of Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. Spectrum Books, 1987. pp. 45–47. ISBN 9789780291341.
↑ Siollun, Max (2009). Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966-1976). Algora Publishing, 2009. ISBN 9780875867106.
1 2 3 Obasanjo, Olusegun (1987). Nzeogwu: An Intimate Portrait of Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. Spectrum Books, 1987. pp. 71–77. ISBN 9789780291341. Àṣìṣe ìtọ́kasí: Invalid <ref> tag; name "OBJ-2" defined multiple times with different content.
↑ Obasanjo, Olusegun (1987). Nzeogwu: An Intimate Portrait of Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. Spectrum Books, 1987. p. 73. ISBN 9789780291341.
1 2 Empty citation (help) Àṣìṣe ìtọ́kasí: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content.
1 2 Empty citation (help) bajoba tí ìlú Àṣìṣe ìtọ́kasí: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content.
↑ Siollun, Max (2009). Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966-1976). Algora Publishing, 2009. p. 44. ISBN 9780875867106.
↑ Omaka, Arua Oko (2018). "Conquering the Home Front: Radio Biafra in the Nigeria–Biafra War, 1967–1970" (in en-US). War in History 25 (4): 555–575. doi:10.1177/0968344516682056. ISSN 0968-3445.
↑ Nzeogwu: An Intimate Portrait of Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. https://books.google.com/books?id=NApzAAAAMAAJ&q=shotomi+decomposed. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
↑ Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966-1976).

[1] Nzeogwu: An Intimate Portrait of Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu.

[2] Obasanjo, Olusegun. Nzeogwu: An Intimate Portrait of Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu.

[3] Empty citation (help)

[OBJ-4] 1 2 Obasanjo, Olusegun (1987). Nzeogwu: An Intimate Portrait of Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. Spectrum Books, 1987. pp. 45–47. ISBN 9789780291341.

[5] Siollun, Max (2009). Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966-1976). Algora Publishing, 2009. ISBN 9780875867106.

[OBJ-2-6] 1 2 3 Obasanjo, Olusegun (1987). Nzeogwu: An Intimate Portrait of Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. Spectrum Books, 1987. pp. 71–77. ISBN 9789780291341. Àṣìṣe ìtọ́kasí: Invalid <ref> tag; name "OBJ-2" defined multiple times with different content.

[7] Obasanjo, Olusegun (1987). Nzeogwu: An Intimate Portrait of Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. Spectrum Books, 1987. p. 73. ISBN 9789780291341.

[:1-8] 1 2 Empty citation (help) Àṣìṣe ìtọ́kasí: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content.

[:2-9] 1 2 Empty citation (help) bajoba tí ìlú Àṣìṣe ìtọ́kasí: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content.

[:0-10] Siollun, Max (2009). Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966-1976). Algora Publishing, 2009. p. 44. ISBN 9780875867106.

[11] Omaka, Arua Oko (2018). "Conquering the Home Front: Radio Biafra in the Nigeria–Biafra War, 1967–1970" (in en-US). War in History 25 (4): 555–575. doi:10.1177/0968344516682056. ISSN 0968-3445.

[12] Nzeogwu: An Intimate Portrait of Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. https://books.google.com/books?id=NApzAAAAMAAJ&q=shotomi+decomposed. Retrieved 4 February 2017.

[Siollun-OPV-13] Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966-1976).

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