Jump to content

Marsha P. Johnson

Lát'ọwọ́ Wikipedia, ìwé ìmọ̀ ọ̀fẹ́
Marsha P. Johnson
Marsha P. Johnson
Fáìlì:A photo of Marsha P. Johnson.png
Johnson in 1990
Ọjọ́ìbíMalcolm Michaels Jr.[1][2][3][4]
(1945-08-24)Oṣù Kẹjọ 24, 1945[1][2][3]
Elizabeth, New Jersey, U.S.[5]
AláìsíJuly 3, 1992(1992-07-03) (ọmọ ọdún 46)[5]
New York City, U.S.
Gbajúmọ̀ fúnGay liberation and AIDS activist, performer with the Hot Peaches and the Angels of Light

Marsha P. Johnson (Ọjọ kẹ́rìndínlógún Oṣu Kẹjọ, Ọdún 1945 – Ọjọ kẹta Oṣu Keje, Ọdún 1992) jẹ olóminira onibaje Amẹrika kan [6] alákitiyan ati ayaba fa ara ẹni ìdánimọ̀. [7] [8] Ti a mọ gẹ́gẹ́bí agbẹjọro ti o ni gbángba fun awọn ẹtọ onibaje, o jẹ ọkàn nínú àwọn èèyàn pàtàkì nínú iṣọtẹ Stonewall ti 1969. [6] [9] [10]

Johnson jẹ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ti Gay Liberation Front (GLF) ati pe o da ẹgbẹ́ alákitiyan ti Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (STAR), lẹgbẹẹ ọrẹ to sunmọ Sylvia Rivera . [11] Gbajúmò ni agbègbè onibaje New York, o tun ṣiṣẹ́ ni ibi àwòrán ti ilu, ti n ṣe awoṣe fun Andy Warhol ati ti o farahàn ni ori itage pẹlú ẹgbẹ iṣẹ fa Hot Peaches . [6] A mọ Johnson si “ Mayor of Christopher Street ” fun jíjẹ gbígbà aabọ rẹ ni awọn opopona ti Abule Greenwich . Bibẹrẹ ni ọdún 1987, o jẹ alakitiyan AIDS pẹlu ACT UP . [6]

Ara Johnson ni a ríi ni lile fóo ni Odò Hudson ni ọdun 1992. Lakoko ti o ti kọkọ ṣe ìjọba igbẹmi ara ẹni nípasẹ Ẹka ọlọpa Ilu Ilu New York (NYPD), ariyanjiyan ati àtakò tẹle ọran naa, ti o yọrisi pe níkẹyìn yoo tun ṣii bi ipaniyan ti o ṣeéṣe. [12] [13]

Igbesiaye

[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

Igbesi aye ibẹrẹ

[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

Marsha P. Johnson ni a bi Malcolm Michaels Jr. ni Ọjọ kẹrinlélógún Oṣu Kẹjọ, Ọdun 1945, ni Elizabeth, New Jersey, si baba Malcolm Michaels Sr., òṣìṣẹ́ laini apejọ ni General Motors, ati iya Alberta (née Claiborne) Michaels, olutọju ilè kàn. O dàgbà pẹlu àwọn arákùnrin mẹfa, ati pe ẹbi naa nlọ si Ile-ijọsin Episcopal Methodist ti Oke Teman Africa . [5] [14] [15] [16] Nígbà tí Johnson ń sọ̀rọ̀ nípa bí wọ́n ṣe tọ́ wọn dàgbà, ó sọ pé, “Mo fẹ́ Jésù Kristi nígbà tí mo wà lọ́mọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún, tí mo ṣì wà ní ilé ẹ̀kọ́ gírámá.” [14]

Johnson kọkọ bẹ̀rẹ wọ àwọn áṣọ́ ni ọmọ ọdún máàrún sùgbọ́n o dúró fun ìgbà diẹ nítorí ipọnju nipasẹ awọn ọmọkùnrin ti o ngbé nitosi. Ninu ìfọ̀rọ̀wanilẹ́núwò kan ni ọdun 1992, o ṣàpèjúwe jijẹ ọdọ ti o jiya ifipabanilopo nipasẹ ọmọkùnrin ọmọ ọdun mẹtala kan. [17] Lẹhin eyi, o ṣàpèjúwe ìmọràn jijẹ onibaje bi “diẹ ninu iru ala”, dipo nkan ti o dàbí pe o ṣee ṣe, ati nitorinaa yan lati wa ni aiṣiṣẹpọ ìbálòpọ̀ titi o fi lọ si Ilu New York ni ọjọ-ori mẹ́tàdínlógún. [18] Iya Johnson royin pe jíjẹ ilopọ dàbí ẹni “kekere ju aja”, [19] ṣugbọn Johnson sọ pe Michaels ko mọ agbegbe onibaje . Iya Johnson tun gbà á niyanju lati wa ọrẹkunrin tabi ọkọ “fohun billionaire” lati tọju (Johnson) fun igbesi aye, ibi-afẹde kan Johnson nigbagbogbo sọrọ nípa. [20]

Johnson lọ si Ile-iwe giga Edison (bayi Thomas A. Edison Career and Technical Academy ) ni Elizabeth ṣáájú ki o to lọ silẹ ni ọdún àgbà rẹ. Ni Oṣu Kejila ọdun 1962, Johnson wọ Ọgagun Amẹrika lábẹ́ orúkọ igbimọ rẹ o duro fun oṣù mẹfa níbití o ti gbà GED kan lẹhinna o ti gba agbara ni ọla ni Oṣu Kàrún ọdún 1963. Lẹhin itusilẹ rẹ, Johnson lọ kúrò ni ile fun Ilu New York pẹlu “$ 15 ati apo kan ti awọn aṣọ”, ti o joko ni abule Greenwich, níbití o ti duro de awọn tabili . [5] [21] [22] Lẹhin ti o bẹrẹ lilo àkókò pẹlu awọn onijagidijagan ita nitosi ile ounjẹ Howard Johnson ni Sixth Avenue ati 8th Street, igbesi aye Johnson yipada. Johnson jade wá o si wipe, "igbesi aye mi ti wa ni itumọ ti ni ayika ibalopo ati onibaje ominira, jije a fa ayaba ". [18]

Awọn itọkasi

[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Washington, K.C. (April 9, 2019). "Marsha P. Johnson (1945–1992)". BlackPast.org. Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2020.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Àṣìṣe ìtọ́kasí: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named pioneer
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Scan of Birth Certificate Archived February 7, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.. Name: Malcolm Michaels; Sex: Male; Place of Birth: St. Elizabeth Hospital; Date of Birth: August 24, 1945; Registration Date: August 27, 1945; Date of Issue: September 4, 1990. Accessed September 10, 2015.
  4. ↑ U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936–2007, Death, Burial, Cemetery & Obituaries: "Michaels, Malcolm Jr [Malcolm Mike Michaels Jr], [M Michae Jr], [Malculm Jr]. ...Gender: Male. Race: Black. Birth Date: 24 Aug 1945. Birth Place: Elizabeth, Union, New Jersey [Elizabeth, New Jersey]. Death Date: Jul 1992. Database on-line. Provo, UT, US: Ancestry.com"
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Chan 2018.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Kasino 2012.
  7. ↑ [Leslie Feinberg Leslie Feinberg] Check |url= value (help).  Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. ↑ Jacobs, Julia (May 29, 2019). "Two Transgender Activists Are Getting a Monument in New York". The New York Times. Archived on June 30, 2020. Error: If you specify |archivedate=, you must also specify |archiveurl=. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/29/arts/transgender-monument-stonewall.html. "'I was no one, nobody, from Nowheresville, until I became a drag queen,' Ms. Johnson said in 1992." 
  9. ↑ Carter, David. Stonewall: The Riots that Sparked the Gay Revolution. 
  10. ↑ Empty citation (help) 
  11. ↑ Giffney, Noreen (December 28, 2012). Queering the Non/Human. Ashgate Publishing. p. 252. ISBN 9781409491408. https://books.google.com/books?id=gMehAgAAQBAJ&q=trans+rights+marsha+p.+johnson&pg=PA252. Retrieved July 9, 2017. 
  12. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsha_P._Johnson#cite_ref-MarshaDoc_7-0
  13. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Feinberg
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Kasino 2012https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/29/arts/transgender-monument-stonewall.html
  15. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsha_P._Johnson#cite_ref-CarterVanguard_10-0
  16. ↑ http://makinggayhistory.com/podcast/episode-11-johnson-wicker/
  17. ↑ Kasino 2012: https://books.google.com/books?id=gMehAgAAQBAJ&q=trans+rights+marsha+p.+johnson&pg=PA252
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/da-reopens-unsolved-1992-case-involving-saint-gay-life-article-1.1221742 Àṣìṣe ìtọ́kasí: Invalid <ref> tag; name "MarshaDrag" defined multiple times with different content
  19. ↑ Kasino 2012: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsha_P._Johnson#CITEREFKasino2012
  20. ↑ Kasino 2012: https://worldqueerstory.org/tag/african-methodist-episcopal-church/
  21. ↑ Kasino 2012: https://www.tatler.com/article/who-is-marsha-p-johnson-drag-queen-gay-activist/
  22. ↑ Carter 2010.
Jẹ́ kíkójáde láti "https://yo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marsha_P._Johnson&oldid=604669"