Jamáíkà: Ìyàtọ̀ láàrin àwọn àtúnyẹ̀wò
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'''Jamaika''' ({{pron-en|dʒəˈmeɪkə}}) je [[island nation|orile-ede erekusu]] ni [[Greater Antilles|Antilles Gbangba]], to je {{convert|234|km|mi|abbr=off}} ni gigun ati bi |
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'''Jamáíkà''' je orile-ede ni [[Kàríbẹ́ánì]]. |
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{{convert|80|km|mi|abbr=off}} ni fife, ti isodipupo won je 11,100 km<sup>2</sup>. O budo |
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sinu [[Caribbean Sea|Okun Karibeani]], bi {{convert|145|km|mi|abbr=off}} guusu [[Cuba|Kuba]], ati {{convert|190|km|mi|abbr=off}} iwoorun [[Hispaniola]], erekusu to je ile fun awon orileabinibi-ileijoba [[Haiti]] ati [[Dominican Republic|Orile-ede Olominira Dominiki]]. Awon elede [[Arawakan languages|Arawak]] [[Indigenous peoples|abinibi]] eya [[Taíno]] ti won gbe nibe pe oruko erekusu ohun ni ''Xaymaca'', to tumosi "Ile Igi ati Omi", tabi "Ile Isun Omi".<ref name=taino>{{cite |
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web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20071016055722/http://www.uctp.org/VocesIndigena.html |title= |
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Taíno Dictionary |illistrator= The United Confederation of Taíno People |accessdate=2007- |
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10-18|language=Spanish}}</ref> Nigba kan bi ini [[Habsburg Spain|Spein]] ti won si pe ibe ni ''{{lang|es|Santiago}}'', ni 1655 o di |
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ibiamusin Ilegeesi, ati leyin eyi o di ti Britani, toruko |
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re n je "Jamaica". Pelu awon eniyan ti won to |
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egbegberun 2.8, o je orile-ede keta [[English- |
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speaking world|anglophone]] to ni awon eniyan |
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pipojulo ni orile [[the Americas|Amerika]], leyin |
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awon orile-ede [[United States|Iparapo awon |
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Ipinle]] ati [[Canada|Kanada]]. O wa ninu |
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[[Commonwealth realm|ile Ajoni]] pelu [[Queen |
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Elizabeth II]] bi [[Head of State|Olori Orile-ede]]. |
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[[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] ni ilu titobijulo ati |
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oluilu re. |
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==Itan== |
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{{Main|History of Jamaica}} |
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Awon eya abinibi [[Arawak]] ati [[Taino]] ti won |
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gbera lati [[South America|Guusu Amerika]] budo |
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sori erekusu na larin odun 4000 ati 1000 kJ.<ref |
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name="primearticles1">{{cite |
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web|url=http://www.jamaicans.com/articles/primear |
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ticles/taino.shtml |title=The Taino of Jamaica |
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(Jamaica) |publisher=Jamaicans.com |date=2001- |
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04-01 |accessdate=2009-07-04}}</ref> Nigbati |
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[[Christopher Columbus]] de be ni 1494 o ba awon |
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abule to ju 200 lo nibe ti won ni awon olori abule |
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nibe. Ebado guusu Jamaika je ibi ti awon eniyan |
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posijulo nigbana, agaga layika agbegbe ti a mo loni |
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bi Old Harbour.<ref name="primearticles1"/> Awon |
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Tainos si je onibugbe Jamaika nigbati awon Geesi |
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gba idari ibe.<ref name="primearticles1"/> |
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Jamaican National Heritage Trust nsise lati wari, ki |
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won o si sakosile eri yiowu toba le wa nipa awon |
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[[Taino]]/[[Arawaks]].<ref> |
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[http://web.archive.org/web/20070928013715/http:// |
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www.jnht.com/archaeology/barbican_rescue.php |
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Jamaican National Heritage Trust]</ref> |
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Christopher Columbus gba Jamaica fun Spein |
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leyin to bale sibe ni 1494. O se e se ko je pe ibi ti |
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Columbus bale si ni Dry Harbour, loni to n je |
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[[Discovery Bay, Jamaica|Discovery Bay]]. Maili |
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kan ni iwoorun [[Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica|St. |
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Ann's Bay]] ni ibi ibudo akoko awon ara Spein lori |
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erekusu na, [[Sevilla la Nueva (settlement)|Sevilla]], |
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ti won pati ni 1554 nitori opo awon olosa ti won ja |
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be. |
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Won ko oluilu ibe lo si [[Spanish Town]], loni to |
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budo si [[Saint Catherine Parish, Jamaica|parish of |
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St. Catherine]], lati odun 1534. Leyin eyi won pe ni |
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"Villa de la Vega". Spanish Town ni o ni |
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[[Cathedral|Ile isin]] to pejulo larin awon ibiamusin |
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Britani. Awon ara Ilegeesi fi tipatipa le awon ara |
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Spein kuro ni Ocho Rios ni St. Ann. Sugbon, o di |
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odun 1655, ni Tower Isle, ki awon ara Ilegeesi o to |
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gba ogba ologun awon ara Spein to gbeyin ni |
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Jamaica. Omo Spein to n je Don Cortez Arnoldo de |
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Yassi da abo bo Tower Hill (ibi ti Tower Isle wa) |
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lowo awon ara Ilegeesi fun odun marun, ki o to salo |
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si Kuba. Ibi to gba salo ni won n pe ni "Runaway |
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Bay", eyi na wa ni St. Ann. Oruko Montego Bay, to |
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je oluilu parish St. James, wa lati oruko lede Spein |
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''{{lang|es|manteca bahía}}'' (tabi Bay of Lard) fun |
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opo iye pupo [[boar]] ti won n lo fun lard-making |
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industry.<ref>{{cite |
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web|url=http://www.mobay.com/town4.htm |
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|title=Town of Montego Bay info |
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|publisher=Mobay.com |date=2007-05-07 |
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|accessdate=2009-07-04}}</ref> |
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[[File:Morgan,Henry.jpg|thumb|160px|right|[[Henry |
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Morgan]] was a famous [[Piracy in the |
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Caribbean|Caribbean pirate]] and privateer who |
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had arrived in the West Indies as an indentured |
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servant, like many of the early settlers.<ref> |
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[http://www.historynet.com/henry-morgan-the- |
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pirate-who-invaded-panama-in-1671.htm Henry |
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Morgan: The Pirate Who Invaded Panama in 1671]. |
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Historynet.com.</ref>]] |
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Ara Ilegeesi Admiral [[William Penn (admiral)|William |
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Penn]] (baba [[William Penn]] ti Pennsylvania) ati |
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Ogagun [[Robert Venables]] gba erekusu yi ni 1655. |
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Ni 1660, iye awon eniyan ni Jamaika je 4,500 awon |
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alawo funfun ati bi 1,500 melo awon alawo |
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dudu.<ref name="population"> |
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[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08270a.htm |
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Donovan, J. (1910). Jamaica. In The Catholic |
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Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton |
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Company].</ref> Lati bi awon odun 1670, awon |
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eniyan alawo dudu ni won je ogunlogo iye awon |
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eniyan nibe.<ref> |
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[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2005/is_n1_v |
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28/ai_16106981/pg_2 A failed settler society: |
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marriage and demographic failure in early |
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Jamaica], ''Journal of Social History'', Fall, 1994, by |
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Trevor Burnard</ref> |
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Nigba ti awon ara Ilegeesi gba Jamaika ni 1655 |
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olumusin ara Spein sa kuro nibe won si fi opolopo |
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awon omo eru won lati Afrika seyin. Ki awon ara |
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Ilegeesi o mo baa tun mu won leru, won salo si |
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agbegbe oke alapata ni ori erekusu yi, nibi ti won ti |
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darapo mo awon miran ti awon na ti sa kuro lowo |
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awon ara Spein tele lati lo gbe pelu awon [[Taínos]]. |
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Awon eru ti won ti salo wonyi je mimo bi [[Jamaican |
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Maroons]], koja lu awon ara Britani ni orundun |
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18th. Awon iran won si n je oruko yi titi doni. Nigba |
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oko eru awon Maroon sedasile agbajo alominira |
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larin inu oke ile Jamaica niran deran. |
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Nigba awon odun 200 akoko ijoba Britani, Jamaika |
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di ikan ninu awon orile-ede to siwaju lagbaye to n |
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ta [[sugar|suga]] ati to n lo eru, nipa sise iye to ju |
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toonu 77,000 suga lo lododun larin 1820 ati 1824. |
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Leyin [[Slave Trade Act 1807|ipare owo eru]] (eyi |
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yato si oko eru gan ti won ko pare) ni 1807,<ref> |
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[http://countrystudies.us/caribbean-islands/8.htm |
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The Sugar Revolutions and Slavery], ''U.S. Library |
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of Congress''</ref> awon ara Britani mu awon ara |
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India ati ara Saina wa bi awon [[indentured |
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servant|oniwofa]] lati sise. Awon omo-omo awo |
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awon oniwofa lti Asia yi si wa ni Jamaika titi doni. |
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Nigba to fi di ibere orundun 19th, nitoripe Jamaica |
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gbokan le [[slavery|oko eru]] eyi ki awon eniyan |
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alawodudu (awon ara Afrika) o poju awon eniyan |
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alawofunfun (awon ara Europe) lo ni ipin 20 si 1. |
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Botilejepe awon Ilegeesi ti fi ofinde owo eru, |
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ifayawo won si awon ibiamusin si tun sele nigbana. |
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Ijoba Britani se ofin to lana ipare oko eru, sugbon |
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won tun lana lati se imudara igbe awon eru ibe. |
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Ninu awon ilanna yi ni ifofinde lilo egba ninu oko, |
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ifofinde nina awon obinrin, ikede pe awon eru |
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gbodo je gbigba laye lati gba ilana esin, |
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ipondandan pe awon eru gbodo ni ojo kan ninu |
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ose lati ta awon ogbin oko won, bakanna won si |
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tun fofinde awon oja ojo Aiku. |
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[[File:Jm-map.png|thumb|left|Map of Jamaica]] |
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Sugbon ni Jamaika, awon lana yi je lilodi di latowo |
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Ile-igbimo Asofin. Ileigbimo yi so pe awon eru |
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nitelorun ara won, won si lodi si itowobo Ileasofin |
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si oro to n lo ni erekusu ohun, botilejepe opo awon |
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to ni eru n beru pe ijidide awon eru le se. |
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Àtúnyẹ̀wò ní 15:42, 17 Oṣù Kàrún 2010
Jamáíkà
| |
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Motto: "Out of many, one people" | |
Orin ìyìn: "Jamaica, Land We Love" | |
Olùìlú àti ìlú tótóbijùlọ | Kingston |
Àwọn èdè ìṣẹ́ọba | English |
Lílò regional languages | Jamaican Patois |
Àwọn ẹ̀yà ènìyàn | 90.0% West African, 1.5% East Indian, 0.4% White, 8.1% Multiracial |
Orúkọ aráàlú | Jamaican |
Ìjọba | Parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy |
• Monarch | Elizabeth II |
Patrick Allen | |
Bruce Golding | |
Independence | |
• from the United Kingdom | 6 August 1962 |
Ìtóbi | |
• Total | 10,991 km2 (4,244 sq mi) (166th) |
• Omi (%) | 1.5 |
Alábùgbé | |
• July 2005 estimate | 2,651,000 (138th) |
• Ìdìmọ́ra | 252/km2 (652.7/sq mi) (49th) |
GDP (PPP) | 2005 estimate |
• Total | $11.69 billion (131st) |
• Per capita | $4,300 (114th) |
GDP (nominal) | 2005 estimate |
• Total | $9.730 billion (101st) |
• Per capita | $3,658 (79th) |
Gini (2000) | 37.9 medium |
HDI (2007) | ▲ 0.736 Error: Invalid HDI value · 101st |
Owóníná | Jamaican dollar (JMD) |
Ibi àkókò | UTC-5 |
Àmì tẹlifóònù | 1 876 |
Internet TLD | .jm |
Jamaika (pípè /dʒəˈmeɪkə/) je orile-ede erekusu ni Antilles Gbangba, to je 234 kilometres (145 miles) ni gigun ati bi 80 kilometres (50 miles) ni fife, ti isodipupo won je 11,100 km2. O budo sinu Okun Karibeani, bi 145 kilometres (90 miles) guusu Kuba, ati 190 kilometres (120 miles) iwoorun Hispaniola, erekusu to je ile fun awon orileabinibi-ileijoba Haiti ati Orile-ede Olominira Dominiki. Awon elede Arawak abinibi eya Taíno ti won gbe nibe pe oruko erekusu ohun ni Xaymaca, to tumosi "Ile Igi ati Omi", tabi "Ile Isun Omi".[1] Nigba kan bi ini Spein ti won si pe ibe ni Santiago, ni 1655 o di
ibiamusin Ilegeesi, ati leyin eyi o di ti Britani, toruko
re n je "Jamaica". Pelu awon eniyan ti won to
egbegberun 2.8, o je orile-ede keta [[English-
speaking world|anglophone]] to ni awon eniyan
pipojulo ni orile Amerika, leyin
awon orile-ede Iparapo awon Ipinle ati Kanada. O wa ninu
ile Ajoni pelu [[Queen
Elizabeth II]] bi Olori Orile-ede.
Kingston ni ilu titobijulo ati
oluilu re.
Itan
Awon eya abinibi Arawak ati Taino ti won
gbera lati Guusu Amerika budo
sori erekusu na larin odun 4000 ati 1000 kJ.[2] Nigbati
Christopher Columbus de be ni 1494 o ba awon
abule to ju 200 lo nibe ti won ni awon olori abule
nibe. Ebado guusu Jamaika je ibi ti awon eniyan
posijulo nigbana, agaga layika agbegbe ti a mo loni
bi Old Harbour.[2] Awon
Tainos si je onibugbe Jamaika nigbati awon Geesi
gba idari ibe.[2]
Jamaican National Heritage Trust nsise lati wari, ki
won o si sakosile eri yiowu toba le wa nipa awon
Christopher Columbus gba Jamaica fun Spein
leyin to bale sibe ni 1494. O se e se ko je pe ibi ti
Columbus bale si ni Dry Harbour, loni to n je
Discovery Bay. Maili
kan ni iwoorun St. Ann's Bay ni ibi ibudo akoko awon ara Spein lori
erekusu na, Sevilla,
ti won pati ni 1554 nitori opo awon olosa ti won ja
be.
Won ko oluilu ibe lo si Spanish Town, loni to
budo si parish of St. Catherine, lati odun 1534. Leyin eyi won pe ni
"Villa de la Vega". Spanish Town ni o ni
Ile isin to pejulo larin awon ibiamusin
Britani. Awon ara Ilegeesi fi tipatipa le awon ara
Spein kuro ni Ocho Rios ni St. Ann. Sugbon, o di
odun 1655, ni Tower Isle, ki awon ara Ilegeesi o to
gba ogba ologun awon ara Spein to gbeyin ni
Jamaica. Omo Spein to n je Don Cortez Arnoldo de
Yassi da abo bo Tower Hill (ibi ti Tower Isle wa)
lowo awon ara Ilegeesi fun odun marun, ki o to salo
si Kuba. Ibi to gba salo ni won n pe ni "Runaway
Bay", eyi na wa ni St. Ann. Oruko Montego Bay, to
je oluilu parish St. James, wa lati oruko lede Spein
manteca bahía (tabi Bay of Lard) fun
opo iye pupo boar ti won n lo fun lard-making
industry.[4]
Ara Ilegeesi Admiral William Penn (baba William Penn ti Pennsylvania) ati
Ogagun Robert Venables gba erekusu yi ni 1655.
Ni 1660, iye awon eniyan ni Jamaika je 4,500 awon
alawo funfun ati bi 1,500 melo awon alawo
dudu.[6] Lati bi awon odun 1670, awon
eniyan alawo dudu ni won je ogunlogo iye awon
eniyan nibe.[7]
Nigba ti awon ara Ilegeesi gba Jamaika ni 1655
olumusin ara Spein sa kuro nibe won si fi opolopo
awon omo eru won lati Afrika seyin. Ki awon ara
Ilegeesi o mo baa tun mu won leru, won salo si
agbegbe oke alapata ni ori erekusu yi, nibi ti won ti
darapo mo awon miran ti awon na ti sa kuro lowo
awon ara Spein tele lati lo gbe pelu awon Taínos.
Awon eru ti won ti salo wonyi je mimo bi [[Jamaican
Maroons]], koja lu awon ara Britani ni orundun
18th. Awon iran won si n je oruko yi titi doni. Nigba
oko eru awon Maroon sedasile agbajo alominira
larin inu oke ile Jamaica niran deran.
Nigba awon odun 200 akoko ijoba Britani, Jamaika
di ikan ninu awon orile-ede to siwaju lagbaye to n
ta suga ati to n lo eru, nipa sise iye to ju
toonu 77,000 suga lo lododun larin 1820 ati 1824.
Leyin ipare owo eru (eyi
yato si oko eru gan ti won ko pare) ni 1807,[8] awon ara Britani mu awon ara
India ati ara Saina wa bi awon [[indentured
servant|oniwofa]] lati sise. Awon omo-omo awo
awon oniwofa lti Asia yi si wa ni Jamaika titi doni.
Nigba to fi di ibere orundun 19th, nitoripe Jamaica
gbokan le oko eru eyi ki awon eniyan
alawodudu (awon ara Afrika) o poju awon eniyan
alawofunfun (awon ara Europe) lo ni ipin 20 si 1.
Botilejepe awon Ilegeesi ti fi ofinde owo eru,
ifayawo won si awon ibiamusin si tun sele nigbana.
Ijoba Britani se ofin to lana ipare oko eru, sugbon
won tun lana lati se imudara igbe awon eru ibe.
Ninu awon ilanna yi ni ifofinde lilo egba ninu oko,
ifofinde nina awon obinrin, ikede pe awon eru
gbodo je gbigba laye lati gba ilana esin,
ipondandan pe awon eru gbodo ni ojo kan ninu
ose lati ta awon ogbin oko won, bakanna won si
tun fofinde awon oja ojo Aiku.
Sugbon ni Jamaika, awon lana yi je lilodi di latowo
Ile-igbimo Asofin. Ileigbimo yi so pe awon eru
nitelorun ara won, won si lodi si itowobo Ileasofin
si oro to n lo ni erekusu ohun, botilejepe opo awon
to ni eru n beru pe ijidide awon eru le se.
Àyọkà yìí tàbí apá rẹ̀ únfẹ́ àtúnṣe sí. Ẹ le fẹ̀ jù báyìí lọ tàbí kí ẹ ṣàtúnṣe rẹ̀ lọ́nà tí yíò mu kúnrẹ́rẹ́. Ẹ ran Wikipedia lọ́wọ́ láti fẹ̀ẹ́ jù báyìí lọ. |
Itokasi
- ↑ {{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20071016055722/http://www.uctp.org/VocesIndigena.html |title= Taíno Dictionary |illistrator= The United Confederation of Taíno People |accessdate=2007- 10-18|language=Spanish}}
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 {{cite web|url=http://www.jamaicans.com/articles/primear ticles/taino.shtml |title=The Taino of Jamaica (Jamaica) |publisher=Jamaicans.com |date=2001- 04-01 |accessdate=2009-07-04}}
- ↑ [http://web.archive.org/web/20070928013715/http:// www.jnht.com/archaeology/barbican_rescue.php Jamaican National Heritage Trust]
- ↑ {{cite web|url=http://www.mobay.com/town4.htm |title=Town of Montego Bay info |publisher=Mobay.com |date=2007-05-07 |accessdate=2009-07-04}}
- ↑ [http://www.historynet.com/henry-morgan-the- pirate-who-invaded-panama-in-1671.htm Henry Morgan: The Pirate Who Invaded Panama in 1671]. Historynet.com.
- ↑ [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08270a.htm Donovan, J. (1910). Jamaica. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company].
- ↑ [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2005/is_n1_v 28/ai_16106981/pg_2 A failed settler society: marriage and demographic failure in early Jamaica], Journal of Social History, Fall, 1994, by Trevor Burnard
- ↑ [http://countrystudies.us/caribbean-islands/8.htm The Sugar Revolutions and Slavery], U.S. Library of Congress