Jamáíkà: Ìyàtọ̀ láàrin àwọn àtúnyẹ̀wò

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'''Jamaika''' ({{pron-en|dʒəˈmeɪkə}}) je [[island nation|orile-ede erekusu]] ni [[Greater Antilles|Antilles Gbangba]], to je {{convert|234|km|mi|abbr=off}} ni gigun ati bi
'''Jamáíkà''' je orile-ede ni [[Kàríbẹ́ánì]].
{{convert|80|km|mi|abbr=off}} ni fife, ti isodipupo won je 11,100&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. O budo
sinu [[Caribbean Sea|Okun Karibeani]], bi {{convert|145|km|mi|abbr=off}} guusu [[Cuba|Kuba]], ati {{convert|190|km|mi|abbr=off}} iwoorun [[Hispaniola]], erekusu to je ile fun awon orileabinibi-ileijoba [[Haiti]] ati [[Dominican Republic|Orile-ede Olominira Dominiki]]. Awon elede [[Arawakan languages|Arawak]] [[Indigenous peoples|abinibi]] eya [[Taíno]] ti won gbe nibe pe oruko erekusu ohun ni ''Xaymaca'', to tumosi "Ile Igi ati Omi", tabi "Ile Isun Omi".<ref name=taino>{{cite
web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20071016055722/http://www.uctp.org/VocesIndigena.html |title=
Taíno Dictionary |illistrator= The United Confederation of Taíno People |accessdate=2007-
10-18|language=Spanish}}</ref> Nigba kan bi ini [[Habsburg Spain|Spein]] ti won si pe ibe ni ''{{lang|es|Santiago}}'', ni 1655 o di

ibiamusin Ilegeesi, ati leyin eyi o di ti Britani, toruko

re n je "Jamaica". Pelu awon eniyan ti won to

egbegberun 2.8, o je orile-ede keta [[English-

speaking world|anglophone]] to ni awon eniyan

pipojulo ni orile [[the Americas|Amerika]], leyin

awon orile-ede [[United States|Iparapo awon

Ipinle]] ati [[Canada|Kanada]]. O wa ninu

[[Commonwealth realm|ile Ajoni]] pelu [[Queen

Elizabeth II]] bi [[Head of State|Olori Orile-ede]].

[[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] ni ilu titobijulo ati

oluilu re.

==Itan==
{{Main|History of Jamaica}}

Awon eya abinibi [[Arawak]] ati [[Taino]] ti won

gbera lati [[South America|Guusu Amerika]] budo

sori erekusu na larin odun 4000 ati 1000 kJ.<ref

name="primearticles1">{{cite

web|url=http://www.jamaicans.com/articles/primear

ticles/taino.shtml |title=The Taino of Jamaica

(Jamaica) |publisher=Jamaicans.com |date=2001-

04-01 |accessdate=2009-07-04}}</ref> Nigbati

[[Christopher Columbus]] de be ni 1494 o ba awon

abule to ju 200 lo nibe ti won ni awon olori abule

nibe. Ebado guusu Jamaika je ibi ti awon eniyan

posijulo nigbana, agaga layika agbegbe ti a mo loni

bi Old Harbour.<ref name="primearticles1"/> Awon

Tainos si je onibugbe Jamaika nigbati awon Geesi

gba idari ibe.<ref name="primearticles1"/>

Jamaican National Heritage Trust nsise lati wari, ki

won o si sakosile eri yiowu toba le wa nipa awon

[[Taino]]/[[Arawaks]].<ref>

[http://web.archive.org/web/20070928013715/http://

www.jnht.com/archaeology/barbican_rescue.php

Jamaican National Heritage Trust]</ref>

Christopher Columbus gba Jamaica fun Spein

leyin to bale sibe ni 1494. O se e se ko je pe ibi ti

Columbus bale si ni Dry Harbour, loni to n je

[[Discovery Bay, Jamaica|Discovery Bay]]. Maili

kan ni iwoorun [[Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica|St.

Ann's Bay]] ni ibi ibudo akoko awon ara Spein lori

erekusu na, [[Sevilla la Nueva (settlement)|Sevilla]],

ti won pati ni 1554 nitori opo awon olosa ti won ja

be.

Won ko oluilu ibe lo si [[Spanish Town]], loni to

budo si [[Saint Catherine Parish, Jamaica|parish of

St. Catherine]], lati odun 1534. Leyin eyi won pe ni

"Villa de la Vega". Spanish Town ni o ni

[[Cathedral|Ile isin]] to pejulo larin awon ibiamusin

Britani. Awon ara Ilegeesi fi tipatipa le awon ara

Spein kuro ni Ocho Rios ni St. Ann. Sugbon, o di

odun 1655, ni Tower Isle, ki awon ara Ilegeesi o to

gba ogba ologun awon ara Spein to gbeyin ni

Jamaica. Omo Spein to n je Don Cortez Arnoldo de

Yassi da abo bo Tower Hill (ibi ti Tower Isle wa)

lowo awon ara Ilegeesi fun odun marun, ki o to salo

si Kuba. Ibi to gba salo ni won n pe ni "Runaway

Bay", eyi na wa ni St. Ann. Oruko Montego Bay, to

je oluilu parish St. James, wa lati oruko lede Spein

''{{lang|es|manteca bahía}}'' (tabi Bay of Lard) fun

opo iye pupo [[boar]] ti won n lo fun lard-making

industry.<ref>{{cite

web|url=http://www.mobay.com/town4.htm

|title=Town of Montego Bay info

|publisher=Mobay.com |date=2007-05-07

|accessdate=2009-07-04}}</ref>
[[File:Morgan,Henry.jpg|thumb|160px|right|[[Henry

Morgan]] was a famous [[Piracy in the

Caribbean|Caribbean pirate]] and privateer who

had arrived in the West Indies as an indentured

servant, like many of the early settlers.<ref>

[http://www.historynet.com/henry-morgan-the-

pirate-who-invaded-panama-in-1671.htm Henry

Morgan: The Pirate Who Invaded Panama in 1671].

Historynet.com.</ref>]]
Ara Ilegeesi Admiral [[William Penn (admiral)|William

Penn]] (baba [[William Penn]] ti Pennsylvania) ati

Ogagun [[Robert Venables]] gba erekusu yi ni 1655.

Ni 1660, iye awon eniyan ni Jamaika je 4,500 awon

alawo funfun ati bi 1,500 melo awon alawo

dudu.<ref name="population">

[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08270a.htm

Donovan, J. (1910). Jamaica. In The Catholic

Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton

Company].</ref> Lati bi awon odun 1670, awon

eniyan alawo dudu ni won je ogunlogo iye awon

eniyan nibe.<ref>

[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2005/is_n1_v

28/ai_16106981/pg_2 A failed settler society:

marriage and demographic failure in early

Jamaica], ''Journal of Social History'', Fall, 1994, by

Trevor Burnard</ref>

Nigba ti awon ara Ilegeesi gba Jamaika ni 1655

olumusin ara Spein sa kuro nibe won si fi opolopo

awon omo eru won lati Afrika seyin. Ki awon ara

Ilegeesi o mo baa tun mu won leru, won salo si

agbegbe oke alapata ni ori erekusu yi, nibi ti won ti

darapo mo awon miran ti awon na ti sa kuro lowo

awon ara Spein tele lati lo gbe pelu awon [[Taínos]].

Awon eru ti won ti salo wonyi je mimo bi [[Jamaican

Maroons]], koja lu awon ara Britani ni orundun

18th. Awon iran won si n je oruko yi titi doni. Nigba

oko eru awon Maroon sedasile agbajo alominira

larin inu oke ile Jamaica niran deran.

Nigba awon odun 200 akoko ijoba Britani, Jamaika

di ikan ninu awon orile-ede to siwaju lagbaye to n

ta [[sugar|suga]] ati to n lo eru, nipa sise iye to ju

toonu 77,000 suga lo lododun larin 1820 ati 1824.

Leyin [[Slave Trade Act 1807|ipare owo eru]] (eyi

yato si oko eru gan ti won ko pare) ni 1807,<ref>

[http://countrystudies.us/caribbean-islands/8.htm

The Sugar Revolutions and Slavery], ''U.S. Library

of Congress''</ref> awon ara Britani mu awon ara

India ati ara Saina wa bi awon [[indentured

servant|oniwofa]] lati sise. Awon omo-omo awo

awon oniwofa lti Asia yi si wa ni Jamaika titi doni.

Nigba to fi di ibere orundun 19th, nitoripe Jamaica

gbokan le [[slavery|oko eru]] eyi ki awon eniyan

alawodudu (awon ara Afrika) o poju awon eniyan

alawofunfun (awon ara Europe) lo ni ipin 20 si 1.

Botilejepe awon Ilegeesi ti fi ofinde owo eru,

ifayawo won si awon ibiamusin si tun sele nigbana.

Ijoba Britani se ofin to lana ipare oko eru, sugbon

won tun lana lati se imudara igbe awon eru ibe.

Ninu awon ilanna yi ni ifofinde lilo egba ninu oko,

ifofinde nina awon obinrin, ikede pe awon eru

gbodo je gbigba laye lati gba ilana esin,

ipondandan pe awon eru gbodo ni ojo kan ninu

ose lati ta awon ogbin oko won, bakanna won si

tun fofinde awon oja ojo Aiku.
[[File:Jm-map.png|thumb|left|Map of Jamaica]]
Sugbon ni Jamaika, awon lana yi je lilodi di latowo

Ile-igbimo Asofin. Ileigbimo yi so pe awon eru

nitelorun ara won, won si lodi si itowobo Ileasofin

si oro to n lo ni erekusu ohun, botilejepe opo awon

to ni eru n beru pe ijidide awon eru le se.





Àtúnyẹ̀wò ní 15:42, 17 Oṣù Kàrún 2010

Jamáíkà
Motto: "Out of many, one people"
Orin ìyìn: "Jamaica, Land We Love"

Location of Jamáíkà
Olùìlú
àti ìlú tótóbijùlọ
Kingston
Àwọn èdè ìṣẹ́ọbaEnglish
Lílò regional languagesJamaican Patois
Àwọn ẹ̀yà ènìyàn
90.0% West African,
1.5% East Indian,
0.4% White,
8.1% Multiracial
Orúkọ aráàlúJamaican
ÌjọbaParliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy
• Monarch
Elizabeth II
Patrick Allen
Bruce Golding
Independence
• from the United Kingdom
6 August 1962
Ìtóbi
• Total
10,991 km2 (4,244 sq mi) (166th)
• Omi (%)
1.5
Alábùgbé
• July 2005 estimate
2,651,000 (138th)
• Ìdìmọ́ra
252/km2 (652.7/sq mi) (49th)
GDP (PPP)2005 estimate
• Total
$11.69 billion (131st)
• Per capita
$4,300 (114th)
GDP (nominal)2005 estimate
• Total
$9.730 billion (101st)
• Per capita
$3,658 (79th)
Gini (2000)37.9
medium
HDI (2007) 0.736
Error: Invalid HDI value · 101st
OwónínáJamaican dollar (JMD)
Ibi àkókòUTC-5
Àmì tẹlifóònù1 876
Internet TLD.jm

Jamaika (pípè /dʒəˈmeɪkə/) je orile-ede erekusu ni Antilles Gbangba, to je 234 kilometres (145 miles) ni gigun ati bi 80 kilometres (50 miles) ni fife, ti isodipupo won je 11,100 km2. O budo sinu Okun Karibeani, bi 145 kilometres (90 miles) guusu Kuba, ati 190 kilometres (120 miles) iwoorun Hispaniola, erekusu to je ile fun awon orileabinibi-ileijoba Haiti ati Orile-ede Olominira Dominiki. Awon elede Arawak abinibi eya Taíno ti won gbe nibe pe oruko erekusu ohun ni Xaymaca, to tumosi "Ile Igi ati Omi", tabi "Ile Isun Omi".[1] Nigba kan bi ini Spein ti won si pe ibe ni Santiago, ni 1655 o di

ibiamusin Ilegeesi, ati leyin eyi o di ti Britani, toruko

re n je "Jamaica". Pelu awon eniyan ti won to

egbegberun 2.8, o je orile-ede keta [[English-

speaking world|anglophone]] to ni awon eniyan

pipojulo ni orile Amerika, leyin

awon orile-ede Iparapo awon Ipinle ati Kanada. O wa ninu

ile Ajoni pelu [[Queen

Elizabeth II]] bi Olori Orile-ede.

Kingston ni ilu titobijulo ati

oluilu re.

Itan

Awon eya abinibi Arawak ati Taino ti won

gbera lati Guusu Amerika budo

sori erekusu na larin odun 4000 ati 1000 kJ.[2] Nigbati

Christopher Columbus de be ni 1494 o ba awon

abule to ju 200 lo nibe ti won ni awon olori abule

nibe. Ebado guusu Jamaika je ibi ti awon eniyan

posijulo nigbana, agaga layika agbegbe ti a mo loni

bi Old Harbour.[2] Awon

Tainos si je onibugbe Jamaika nigbati awon Geesi

gba idari ibe.[2]

Jamaican National Heritage Trust nsise lati wari, ki

won o si sakosile eri yiowu toba le wa nipa awon

Taino/Arawaks.[3]

Christopher Columbus gba Jamaica fun Spein

leyin to bale sibe ni 1494. O se e se ko je pe ibi ti

Columbus bale si ni Dry Harbour, loni to n je

Discovery Bay. Maili

kan ni iwoorun St. Ann's Bay ni ibi ibudo akoko awon ara Spein lori

erekusu na, Sevilla,

ti won pati ni 1554 nitori opo awon olosa ti won ja

be.

Won ko oluilu ibe lo si Spanish Town, loni to

budo si parish of St. Catherine, lati odun 1534. Leyin eyi won pe ni

"Villa de la Vega". Spanish Town ni o ni

Ile isin to pejulo larin awon ibiamusin

Britani. Awon ara Ilegeesi fi tipatipa le awon ara

Spein kuro ni Ocho Rios ni St. Ann. Sugbon, o di

odun 1655, ni Tower Isle, ki awon ara Ilegeesi o to

gba ogba ologun awon ara Spein to gbeyin ni

Jamaica. Omo Spein to n je Don Cortez Arnoldo de

Yassi da abo bo Tower Hill (ibi ti Tower Isle wa)

lowo awon ara Ilegeesi fun odun marun, ki o to salo

si Kuba. Ibi to gba salo ni won n pe ni "Runaway

Bay", eyi na wa ni St. Ann. Oruko Montego Bay, to

je oluilu parish St. James, wa lati oruko lede Spein

manteca bahía (tabi Bay of Lard) fun

opo iye pupo boar ti won n lo fun lard-making

industry.[4]

Caribbean pirate]] and privateer who had arrived in the West Indies as an indentured servant, like many of the early settlers.[5]

Ara Ilegeesi Admiral William Penn (baba William Penn ti Pennsylvania) ati

Ogagun Robert Venables gba erekusu yi ni 1655.

Ni 1660, iye awon eniyan ni Jamaika je 4,500 awon

alawo funfun ati bi 1,500 melo awon alawo

dudu.[6] Lati bi awon odun 1670, awon

eniyan alawo dudu ni won je ogunlogo iye awon

eniyan nibe.[7]

Nigba ti awon ara Ilegeesi gba Jamaika ni 1655

olumusin ara Spein sa kuro nibe won si fi opolopo

awon omo eru won lati Afrika seyin. Ki awon ara

Ilegeesi o mo baa tun mu won leru, won salo si

agbegbe oke alapata ni ori erekusu yi, nibi ti won ti

darapo mo awon miran ti awon na ti sa kuro lowo

awon ara Spein tele lati lo gbe pelu awon Taínos.

Awon eru ti won ti salo wonyi je mimo bi [[Jamaican

Maroons]], koja lu awon ara Britani ni orundun

18th. Awon iran won si n je oruko yi titi doni. Nigba

oko eru awon Maroon sedasile agbajo alominira

larin inu oke ile Jamaica niran deran.

Nigba awon odun 200 akoko ijoba Britani, Jamaika

di ikan ninu awon orile-ede to siwaju lagbaye to n

ta suga ati to n lo eru, nipa sise iye to ju

toonu 77,000 suga lo lododun larin 1820 ati 1824.

Leyin ipare owo eru (eyi

yato si oko eru gan ti won ko pare) ni 1807,[8] awon ara Britani mu awon ara

India ati ara Saina wa bi awon [[indentured

servant|oniwofa]] lati sise. Awon omo-omo awo

awon oniwofa lti Asia yi si wa ni Jamaika titi doni.

Nigba to fi di ibere orundun 19th, nitoripe Jamaica

gbokan le oko eru eyi ki awon eniyan

alawodudu (awon ara Afrika) o poju awon eniyan

alawofunfun (awon ara Europe) lo ni ipin 20 si 1.

Botilejepe awon Ilegeesi ti fi ofinde owo eru,

ifayawo won si awon ibiamusin si tun sele nigbana.

Ijoba Britani se ofin to lana ipare oko eru, sugbon

won tun lana lati se imudara igbe awon eru ibe.

Ninu awon ilanna yi ni ifofinde lilo egba ninu oko,

ifofinde nina awon obinrin, ikede pe awon eru

gbodo je gbigba laye lati gba ilana esin,

ipondandan pe awon eru gbodo ni ojo kan ninu

ose lati ta awon ogbin oko won, bakanna won si

tun fofinde awon oja ojo Aiku.

Map of Jamaica

Sugbon ni Jamaika, awon lana yi je lilodi di latowo

Ile-igbimo Asofin. Ileigbimo yi so pe awon eru

nitelorun ara won, won si lodi si itowobo Ileasofin

si oro to n lo ni erekusu ohun, botilejepe opo awon

to ni eru n beru pe ijidide awon eru le se.


Itokasi

  1. {{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20071016055722/http://www.uctp.org/VocesIndigena.html |title= Taíno Dictionary |illistrator= The United Confederation of Taíno People |accessdate=2007- 10-18|language=Spanish}}
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 {{cite web|url=http://www.jamaicans.com/articles/primear ticles/taino.shtml |title=The Taino of Jamaica (Jamaica) |publisher=Jamaicans.com |date=2001- 04-01 |accessdate=2009-07-04}}
  3. [http://web.archive.org/web/20070928013715/http:// www.jnht.com/archaeology/barbican_rescue.php Jamaican National Heritage Trust]
  4. {{cite web|url=http://www.mobay.com/town4.htm |title=Town of Montego Bay info |publisher=Mobay.com |date=2007-05-07 |accessdate=2009-07-04}}
  5. [http://www.historynet.com/henry-morgan-the- pirate-who-invaded-panama-in-1671.htm Henry Morgan: The Pirate Who Invaded Panama in 1671]. Historynet.com.
  6. [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08270a.htm Donovan, J. (1910). Jamaica. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company].
  7. [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2005/is_n1_v 28/ai_16106981/pg_2 A failed settler society: marriage and demographic failure in early Jamaica], Journal of Social History, Fall, 1994, by Trevor Burnard
  8. [http://countrystudies.us/caribbean-islands/8.htm The Sugar Revolutions and Slavery], U.S. Library of Congress