Ẹ wo àmì-ọ̀rọ̀ fún Ọmọnìyàn

{{Taxobox
| name = Ènìyàn
| image = Akha cropped.png
| image_caption = Ènìyàn akọ (òsì) àti abo (ọ̀tún)
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|0.2|0}} [[Pleistocene]] - Recent
| status = LC
| trend = increasing
| status_system = iucn3.1
| domain = [[Eukarya]]
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| superclassis = [[Tetrapoda]]
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
| infraclassis = [[Eutheria]]
| ordo = [[Primate]]s
| subordo = [[Haplorrhini]]
| infraordo = [[Simiiformes]]
| parvordo = [[Catarrhini]]
| superfamilia = [[Hominoid]]ea
| familia = [[Hominid]]ae
| subfamilia = [[Homininae]]
| tribus = [[Hominini]]
| genus = ''[[Homo (genus)|Homo]]''
| species = '''''H. sapiens'''''
| subspecies = '''''H. s. sapiens'''''
| trinomial = ''Homo sapiens sapiens''
| trinomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758
}}
'''Awon ọmọnìyàn''' tabi '''omo eniyan''' ni awon iru '''Homo sapiens'''   '''''Homo sapiens''''' ([[Latin]]: eniyan oloye; "wise man" tabi '''eniyan onimo'''; "knowing man"),<ref>{{cite journal |author=Goodman M, Tagle D, Fitch D, Bailey W, Czelusniak J, Koop B, Benson P, Slightom J |title=Primate evolution at the DNA level and a classification of hominoids |journal=J Mol Evol |volume = 30 |issue=3 |pages=260 – 6 |year=1990 |id=PMID 2109087 |doi=10.1007/BF02099995}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hominidae Classification |work=Animal Diversity Web @ UMich |url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/classification/Hominidae.html |accessdate=2006-09-25}}</ref> iru '''''Homo''''' kan soso to si wa laye (extant)  abaratan [[primate]] [[bipedalism|elesemeji]] ninu [[Hominidae]], ebi [[great ape]]. Sugbon, nigba miran o nje lilo lati tokasi eyi keyi toba je abaratan ''Homo''.

Awon eniyan ni [[human brain|opolo]] to[[encephalization|dagba daada]], to le e ni [[reasoning|ironu]] afoyemo, [[language|ede]], [[introspection|ifinuwo]], ati [[problem solving|isojutu isoro]]. Agbara opolo yi, lapapo mo    inaro ara to jagbekun awon owo lati fowo se awon ohun, gba awoniyan laaye lati lo awon [[tool|ohun isise]] daada ju awon iru miran lo. [[Mitochondrial DNA]] ati  eri adikuta (fossil) fihan pe awon[[anatomically modern humans|eniyan oni]] berelati [[Africa]] bi odun 200,000 seyin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Smithsonian Institution, Human Origins Program |url=http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/ha/sap.htm |access-date=2010-04-21 |archive-date=2007-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015030431/http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/ha/sap.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Pelu olukuluku eniyan ni gbogbo orile ayafi ni Antarctica, awon eniyan je awon iru[[cosmopolitan distribution|araleaye]]. [[world population|Iye]] awon eniyan je 6.8 legbegberunkeji ni November 2009.<ref name="popclock">{{cite web
|url=http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/popclockworld.html
|title=World POPClock Projection
|accessdate=2009-09-19
|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division/International Programs Center}}</ref>

Gege bi awon [[simian|higher primates]], adanida awon eniyan je alawujo. Sibesibe, awon eniyan  je eyi soso to nlo sistemu ibanisoro lati so tenu ara re, pasiparo iyenu, ati igbajo. Awon eniyan da [[social structure|ifidimule awujo]] tosoro to ni opo awon eniyan  ti won fowosowopo ati ti won takorawon, lati inu awon [[family|ebi]] de inu awon [[nation|orile-ede]]. Awon [[Social interaction|ibarasepo awujo]] larin awon eniyan ti sedasile orisirisi opo iyi, [[norm (sociology)|ise awujo]], ati awon igbese, ti lapapo won da ipilese awujo eniyan.

Awon eniyan se pataki nipa ife won lati loye ati kopa lori ayika won, won wa lati salaye ati lo awon isele adanida nipa sayensi, imoye, itan awaso,   ati esin. Isawari adanida yi ti mu idagbasoke awon ohun isise didagba ati ogbonise, ti won je jijogun lati inu [[culture|asa]]; awon eniyan nikan ni iru eda ti a mo ti won le se [[fire|ina]], [[cooking|se onje won]], wo [[clothing|aso]], ti won si le lo opolopo awon [[technology|technologies]] miran.
== Oruko ==
[[Name of a biological genus|Oruko gbogbogbogeneric name]] ''[[Homo (genus)|Homo]]'' wa lati ede Latin ni orundun 18th ''{{lang|la|homō}}'' "eniyan", to di ''eniyan aye'' ("earthly being") ([[Old Latin]] ''{{lang|la|hemō}}'', cognate to Old English ''{{lang|ang|guma}}'' "man", lati [[Proto-Indo-European language|PIE]] ''{{PIE|*dʰǵʰ<sub>e</sub>mon-}}'', meaning 'earth' or 'ground').<ref>[[IEW|Porkorny (1959)]] s.v. "g'hðem" pp. 414-416; "Homo." Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. 23 Sep. 2008. <Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Homo>.</ref>

== Itan ==
=== Evolution ===
{{Main|Human evolution}}
{{See|Anthropology|Homo (genus)|Timeline of human evolution}}

Asaro sayensi [[human evolution]] sakopo idagbasoke abatan ''[[Homo (genus)|Homo]]''. "Awon eniyan oni" jetitumo gege bi [[species|iru eda]] ''Homo sapiens'', ti  [[subspecies|eka iru eda]] re to wa laye ni a mo si ''[[Homo sapiens sapiens]]''. ''[[Homo sapiens idaltu]]'' (to tumosi "baba oloye"), eka iru eda miran ti a mo ti pare.<ref>[http://www.anth.ucsb.edu/projects/human/# Human evolution: the fossil evidence in 3D], by Philip L. Walker and Edward H. Hagen, Dept. of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, retrieved April 5, 2005.</ref> ''[[Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]'', to pare ni odun 30,000 seyin, nigba miran je kikopo gege bi eka iru eda, "''Homo sapiens neanderthalensis''", sugbon awon asaro alabatan (genetic studies) nisin ro pe awon iru eda Neanderthal pinya lodo awon ''Homo sapiens'' ni bi odun 500,000 seyin.<ref>Green, R. E., Krause, J, Ptak, S. E., Briggs, A. W., Ronan, M. T., Simons, J. F., et al. (2006) Analysis of one million base pairs of Neanderthal DNA. Nature, 16, 330–336. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v444/n7117/abs/nature05336.html</ref> Bakanna, apere die to wa ''[[Homo rhodesiensis]]'' ti je kikopo bi eka iru eda, sugbon opo eniyan ko gba be. Bi irisinu (Anatomically) awon eniyan oni koko hanjade ni akoole idokuta ni Afrika nibi odun 195,000 seyin, be sini awon agbewo molecular biology fun wa ni eri pe igba tosunmo igba ipinya lodo babanla kanna awon eniyan oni ni odun 200,000 seyin.<ref>http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=102968</ref><ref>
{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4269299.stm | work=BBC News | title=Age of ancient humans reassessed | date=February 16, 2005 | accessdate=April 10, 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/02/050223122209.htm The Oldest Homo Sapiens:] - URL retrieved May 15, 2009</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Alemseged, Z., Coppens, Y., Geraads, D. |title=Hominid cranium from Homo: Description and taxonomy of Homo-323-1976-896 |journal=Am J Phys Anthropol |volume=117 |issue=2 |pages=103–12 |year=2002 |pmid=11815945 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.10032}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Stoneking, Mark; Soodyall, Himla |title=Human evolution and the mitochondrial genome |journal=Current Opinion in Genetics & Development |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=731–6 |year=1996 |doi=10.1016/S0959-437X(96)80028-1}}</ref> Agbewo kakiri ijorisirisi alabatan awon ara Afrika ti Dr. Sarah Tishkoff solori ri pe [[Bushmen|awon San]] ni won ni orisirisi albatan topojulo larin awon 113 eya eniyan otooto ti won gbeyewo, to so won di ikan ninu 14 "awon eniyan babanla" 14. Iwadi yi, bakanna se ibudo ibere irinjade eniyan oni ni guusu-apaiwoorun Afrika, nitosi bode etiodo [[Namibia]] ati [[Angola]].<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8027269.stm BBC World News "Africa's genetic secrets unlocked"], 1 May 2009; the results were published in the online edition of the journal ''Science''.</ref>

Awon olubatan to sunmo awon eniyan julo ni awon [[gorilla]] ati [[chimpanzee]], sugbon awon eniyan ko wa latodo awon akiti woyi: bibeeko awon akiti wonyi nipin [[common ancestor|babanla kanna]] pelu awon eniyan oni.<ref name=Wood>{{cite journal |author=Wood B, Richmond BG |title=Human evolution: taxonomy and paleobiology |journal=J. Anat. |volume=197 ( Pt 1) |issue= |pages=19–60 |year=2000 |month=July |pmid=10999270 |pmc=1468107 |doi=10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19710019.x}}</ref> Afaimo ko mo je pe awon eniyan nibatan julo mo awon iru eda meji [[chimpanzee]]: [[Common Chimpanzee]] ati [[Bonobo]].<ref name=Wood/> Isetelentele gbogbo [[genome]] ti mu yewa pe "leyin odun 6.5 [million]  idagbajade otooto, awon iyato larin chimpanzee ati eniyan tobiju awon to wa larin awon eniyan ti won ko ni ibatan mo ra won lo lemewa ati won dinju lemewa larin awon eku ati omole/ekute". Won da laba pe ibajorapo awon itelentele DNA larin eniyan ati chimpanzee wa larin 95% ati 99%.<ref>[[Frans de Waal]], ''Bonobo''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. ISBN 0-520-20535-9 [http://www.2think.org/bonobo.shtml]</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Britten RJ | title=Divergence between samples of chimpanzee and human DNA sequences is 5%, counting indels | url=http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/99/21/13633 | journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA | year=2002 | pages=13633–5 | volume=99 | issue=21 | pmid=12368483 | doi=10.1073/pnas.172510699 | pmc=129726}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Wildman, D., Uddin, M., Liu, G., Grossman, L., Goodman, M. | title = Implications of natural selection in shaping 99.4% nonsynonymous DNA identity between humans and chimpanzees: enlarging genus Homo | url=http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/100/12/7181 | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci USA | volume = 100 | issue = 12 | pages = 7181–8 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12766228 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1232172100 | pmc = 165850}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Ruvolo M | title = Molecular phylogeny of the hominoids: inferences from multiple independent DNA sequence data sets | url=http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/14/3/248 | journal = Mol Biol Evol | volume = 14 | issue = 3 | pages = 248–65 | date=1 March 1997| pmid = 9066793 }}</ref> O ti je didiye pe It has been estimated that the human [[lineage (evolution)|iran]] eniya pinya lodo ti awon chimpanzees bi odun egbegberun marun seyin, ati latodo ti awon [[gorilla]] bi odun egbegberun mejo seyin. Sibesibe, agbari kan  hominid ti o je wiwari ni [[Chad]] ni 2001, ti o je kikopo bi ''[[Sahelanthropus tchadensis]]'', sunmo bi odun egbegberun mejo seyin, eyi fihan pe o se e se ki ipinya o waye nibere ju bi a se so loke lo.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Brunet, M., Guy, F., Pilbeam, D., Mackaye, H., Likius, A., Ahounta, D., Beauvilain, A., Blondel, C., Bocherens, H., Boisserie, J., De Bonis, L., Coppens, Y., Dejax, J., Denys, C., Duringer, P., Eisenmann, V., Fanone, G., Fronty, P., Geraads, D., Lehmann, T., Lihoreau, F., Louchart, A., Mahamat, A., Merceron, G., Mouchelin, G., Otero, O., Pelaez Campomanes, P., Ponce De Leon, M., Rage, J., Sapanet, M., Schuster, M., Sudre, J., Tassy, P., Valentin, X., Vignaud, P., Viriot, L., Zazzo, A., Zollikofer, C. | title = A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa | url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v418/n6894/full/nature00879.html | journal = Nature | volume = 418 | issue = 6894 | pages = 145–51 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12110880 | doi = 10.1038/nature00879}}</ref>

{{ekunrere}}

== Itokasi ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat|People}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọmọnìyàn]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn afọmúbọ́mọ]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọmọ ènìyàn]]