Ẹ wo àmì-ọ̀rọ̀ fún Ilẹ̀ Kálìfù Sókótó

[[File:Sokoto caliphate.png|thumb|300px|right]]
{{Short description|Independent Islamic Caliphate, in West Africa from 1804 to 1903}}{{About|the 19th century state|the Nigerian traditional state|Sokoto Sultanate Council}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2013}}{{Infobox country|common_name=Sokoto Caliphate|symbol=|leader1=[[Usman dan Fodio]] <small>(first)</small>|title_leader=[[Caliph]] / [[Amir al-Mu'minin| Amir<br>al-Mu'minin]]|government_type=[[Caliphate]]|common_languages={{plainlist|
*[[Arabic]] (official)
*[[Hausa language|Hausa]]
*[[Fula language|Fula]]}}|capital={{plainlist|
*[[Gudu]]<br/><small>(1804)</small>
*[[Sokoto]]<br/><small>(1804–1850, 1851–1902)</small>
*[[Birnin Konni]]<br/><small>(1850)</small>
*[[Burmi]]<br/><small>(1903)</small>}}|national_motto=|image_map_caption=Sokoto Sultanate during the reign of sultan Ahmadu Rufai|image_map=File:Sokoto Sultanate (cropped).png|image_flag=Flag of the Sokoto Caliphate.svg|leader2=[[Muhammadu Attahiru I|Muhammadu Attahiru]] <small>(last)</small>|image_coat=|flag_s4=Flag of France.svg|s4=French West Africa|flag_s2=Reichskolonialflagge.svg|s2=German Kamerun|flag_s1=Flag of the Northern Nigeria Protectorate (1900–1914).svg|s1=Northern Nigeria Protectorate|flag_p15=<!-- only 15 supported
|p16 = Alkunti Dynasty
|flag_p16 = -->|year_leader1=1804-1817|year_leader2=1902–1903|flag_p14=|stat_year1=1804|HDI=|GDP_PPP_year=|GDP_PPP=|area_rank=|area_km2=|demonym=|currency=[[Dirham]]|religion=[[Sunni Islam]]|type_house2=|title_deputy=[[Sokoto Grand Vizier|Grand Vizier]]|house2=|type_house1=|house1=|legislature=Shura|year_deputy2=1886-1903|deputy2=[[Muhammadu al-Bukhari]] <small>(last)</small>|year_deputy1=1804–1817|deputy1=[[Abdullahi dan Fodiyo]] <small>(first)</small>|p15=Sultanate of Macina|p14=Pashanate of Timbuktu|era=[[Fula jihads]]|date_event1=1804|flag_p1=|p1=Sultanate of Kano|date_event4=1 January 1897|event4=[[Proclamation of the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria]]|date_event3=1837|event3=[[Battle of Gawakuke]]|date_event2=1832|event2=[[First Succession Crisis]]|event1=[[Tabkin Kwatto]]|flag_p2=|date_end=29 July|year_end=1903|event_end=[[Second Battle of Burmi]]|date_start=4 February|year_start=1804|event_start=[[Fulani War|Founded]]|conventional_long_name=Sokoto Caliphate|native_name=Daular Khalifar Sakkwato <br /> al-Khilāfat fi'l-Bilād as-Sūdān <br /> {{lang|ar|دولة الخلافة في بلاد السودان}}|p2=Katsina#Katsina Emirate{{!}}Sultanate of Katsina|p3=Gobir{{!}}Sultanate of Gobir|flag_p13=|p9=Kebbi State#History{{!}}Kebbi Sultanate|p13=Tuareg Oligarchy|flag_p12=|p12=Sultanate of Agadez|flag_p11=|p11=Dendi Kingdom|flag_p10=|p10=Sultanate of Arugungu|flag_p9=|flag_p8=|flag_p3=|p8=Jukun people (West Africa)#History{{!}}Jukun Kingdoms|flag_p7=|p7=Ilorin Emirate{{!}}Empire of Oyo (Ilorin)|flag_p6=|p6=Sultanate of Damagaram|flag_p5=|p5=Kanembu people#History{{!}}Empire of Kanembu|flag_p4=|p4=Zazzau#Early Hausa kingdom{{!}}Sultanate of Zazzau|HDI_year=}}Ilè tí àwọn ẹlẹ́sìn ìmàle ti jẹ olórí ní Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà ni Sokoto Caliphate. Ọdún1804 ni Usman Dan Fodio dá a sílẹ̀ ní àsìkò ìjà ẹ̀sìn àwọn Fúlàní lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí ó gba ìjọba ilẹ̀ àwọn Hausa nínú àwọn ogun Fúlàní.  Àwọn ààlà ilẹ̀ ìmàle ló parapọ̀ di  ìlú Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Niger, àti Nigeria lónìí. Òpin dé bá aaáwò yìí  ní ọdún 1903 nígbà tí àwọn ará Britain àti ará Germany ṣẹ́gun agbègbè náà tí wọ́n sì fi kún apá Àríwá ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà tí wọ́n ń darí nígbà náà àti Kamerun.
[[File:Sa'adu Abubakar -Sultan of Sokoto.jpg|thumb|Sa'ad Abubakar - Sultan Sokoto]]
Àwọn ìjọba Ìmale bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní dìdẹ lẹ̀yìn ìgbà tí ọba Yunfa tí ilẹ̀ Hausa gbìyànjú láti ṣekú pa Usman dan Fodio ní ọdun 1802. Láti sá fún ìpọ́nlójú, Usman àti àwọn ẹmẹ̀wa rẹ̀ ṣí lọ sí ọ̀nà Gudu ní oṣù Èrèré ọdún 1804. Àwọn ẹmẹ̀wà Usman ṣe ìlérí fún un láti jẹ́ olùfọkànsìn tòótọ́ si gẹ́gẹ́ bí Alákòóso àwọn Olóòótọ́. Nígbà tí yóò fi di ọdún 1808, ìjọba ìmàle Sokoto tí gbilè, ó sì ti lágbára lórí ọ̀pọ̀ ìpínlẹ̀ ní ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà. Ní abẹ́ Ahmadu Rufai, Kálífù kẹfà, ìpínlẹ naa ti gbòòrò dé púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ tí ó wà ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn Áfíríkà. Ní ọdún 1903, àwọn ogun Britain pa Attahiru, èyí sì ló mú òpin ba ìjọba ìmàlẹ. 

Láti inú àwọn ìlú olómìnira tó ti gbòòrò ní ilẹ̀ Hausa ló ti ṣẹ̀, ìjọba ìmale yìí so ọgbọ̀ ìlú tí emir ti ń ṣe olórí pọ̀ àti àwọn ènìyàn tó ju mílíọ́nù mẹ́wàá lọ ní ìpínlẹ̀ tó lágbára jù ní agbègbè náà àti ọ̀kan nínú àwọn ìlú tó jẹ́ gbòógì ní ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà ní sẹ́ńtúrì kọkàndílógún. Ìsopọ̀ àwọn ìlú tí emir ti ń ṣe olórí kò jẹ́ kí ìjọba ìmàle dúró ṣinṣin èyí si jẹ kí wọ́n dá ìjọba Amir al-Mu'minin mọ, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Sultan ìlú Sokoto. Ìjọba ìmàle yìí mú ìmúgbòòrò bá ètò ọrọ̀-ajé gbogbo agbègbè fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún. Ìṣirò mílíọ́nù kan sí méjì àbọ̀ àwọn ẹrú tí kì í ṣe Mùsùlùmí ni wọ́n kó ní àsìkò ogun Fúlàní. Àwọn ẹrú náà ṣiṣẹ́ nínú oko ṣùgbọ́n ó ṣeé ṣe kí wọ́n dá àwọn sílẹ̀ tí wọn bá gbà láti di Mùsùlùmí. nígbà tí ó fi máa di 1900, Sokoto tí ní tó <nowiki>''</nowiki> ó kẹ́ré tán ẹrú mílíọ́nù kan sí méjì àbọ̀<nowiki>''</nowiki>  wọ́n ṣe ìkejì sí American South tí ó ni mílíọ́nù ní ọdún 1860 láàárín àwọn ìlú amúnilẹ́rú mìíràn.

Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn olùgbé Éúrópù ti fi òpin sí àṣẹ ìjọba ìmàle, wọ́n so orúkọ Sultan nù, orúkọ náà ṣì wà gẹ́gẹ́ bi ipò ẹ̀sìn fún Sunni ní agbègbè náà títí di ọ̀ní. Ìjà ẹ̀sìn tí Usman dan Fodio darí bí àwọn ìjà ẹ̀sìn mìíràn tó fara pẹ́ ẹ ní àwọn apá Sudanian Savanna àti Sahel tí ó jìnà sí ààlà ìlú tí wọ́n ń pè ní Nàíjírìà lónìí tí ó fa ìdásílẹ̀ ìpínlẹ̀ Mùsùlùmí ni àwọn agbègbè tí wọ́n di Senegal, Mali,Ivory coast, Chad, the Central African Republic, àti Sudan.   

== Àwọn ìtọ́ka sí ==

# '''^''' 
# '''^''' McKay, Hill, Buckler, Ebrey, Beck, Crowston, Weisner-Hanks. ''A History of World Societies.'' 8th edition. Volume C - From 1775 to the Present. 2009 by Bedford/St. Martin's. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-312-68298-9</nowiki>. "The most important of these revivalist states, the enormous Sokoto caliphate, illustrates the general pattern. It was founded by Usuman dan Fodio (1754-1817), an inspiring Muslim teacher who first won zealous followers among both the Fulani herders and Hausa peasants in the Muslim state of Gobir in the northern Sudan." p. 736.
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# '''^''' "Conquest and Construction: Palace Architecture in Northern Cameroon" p.15
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# '''^''' Hiskett, M. ''The Sword of Truth; the Life and times of the Shehu Usuman Dan Fodio''. New York: Oxford UP, 1973. Print.
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# '''^''' Comolli (2015), p. 103.

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Sahelian kingdoms
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Authority control 
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Coordinates: 13°04′02″N 05°14′52″E

Àwọn ẹ̀ka: 

* Sokoto Caliphate
* Sokoto
* Sokoto State
* 19th century in Africa
* States and territories disestablished in 1903
* Countries in precolonial Africa
* History of Northern Nigeria
* 1804 establishments in Africa
* 1903 disestablishments in Nigeria
* Sahelian kingdoms
* States and territories established in 1804

[[Ẹ̀ka:ìtàn ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà]]