Francisca Chiponda
Dona Francisca Josefa de Moura Meneses ni a tumọ si Francisca Chiponda jẹ ogboun tarigi ẹlẹya meji oniṣowo oko ẹru ti Agbegbe Tete ni Portuguese Mozambique to jẹ ọkan lara awọn to ṣe agba tẹru ina owo lati ilẹ Mozambique de Kazembe (Zambia nisin) ni ọdun 1790 de 1798 lati kọja si ilẹ Afrika lati ila oorun si iwọ oorun[1][2].
Igbesi Aye Francisca[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
Chiponda tumọ si "arabinrin maa tẹ awọn eniyan mọlẹ pẹlu ẹsẹ rẹ", Francisca Chiponda gba orukọ rẹ latari bi arabinrin naa ṣe maa nlo awọn ẹru onija eyi lo jẹ ko di ọkan ninu awọn alagbara ti Dona[3].
Francisca ni a bini ọdun 1738, ọmọ akọkọ pẹlu aburo óbinrin mẹta. Ọkọ Francisca akọkọ ni Joào Moreira Pereira[4][5] to wa lati Ovar ni Portugal nibi to ti wa si colony ni ọdun 1749 to si bẹrẹ iṣẹ rẹ gẹgẹbi Ọgagun Captain ti Rios de Sena lẹyin lodi ọgagun gomina. Arakunrin naa ku ni ọdun 1776 eyi lo da gbesi Francisca lọrun. Ni ọdun to tẹ̀le, Arabinrin naa fẹ Josè Àlvares Pereira ọgagun gomina ti Rios de Sena ni ọdun mẹwa sẹyin ṣugbọn ti o ku laipẹ to bẹrẹ iṣẹ rẹ[6]. Ni ọdun 1780s, fun idi aimọdi, Francisca doju ija kọ ọgagun gomina António Manuel de Melo e Castro. O ṣa awọn ọmọ ogun rẹ jọ, tosi ṣèlèri lati ba ile gomina naa jẹ ati pe arabinrin naa fẹ dana sun abule ti Tete.
Koto dipe Francisca ṣè igbeyawo rẹ alakọkọ lo ti di olowo latari ilẹ nla ti iya rẹ agba ni (Prazo). Nigba to ṣe igbeyawo, baba rẹ̀ agba fun ni ilẹ labẹ ofin ilẹ portuguese.
Chiponda fọwọ si ina gomina Francisco Josè de Lacerda e Almeida ni ọdun 1798 nigba to fẹ ṣe irin ajo lọ si Angola to si fun ni awọn ẹru ṣugbọn ọpọ ninu wọn ku nigba ti wọn kogun jawọn. Ọmọbinrin Chiponda ku ni igba kekere eyi lo mu ko ma tọju awọn ọmọ aburo rẹ. Ni ọdun 1798, Francisca di onile to tobi julọ ni ilẹ Tete. Awọn ilẹ yi gbin óriṣiriṣi nkan ọgbin cereals, cotton, ẹfọ ati nkan eso. Pupọ ninu awọn ẹ̀ru Francisca kopa ninu wiwu wura sita. Ni ila oorun afrika, wiwu alumọni sita jẹ iṣẹ awọn obinrin ti awọn ọkunrin si maa dabobo ilẹ naa. Francisca maa fun awọn ẹ̀bi rẹ ni ilẹ, fun wọni ọkọ tabi iyawọ nibi to ti maa nto eto ile aye wọn. Eyi lo mu ki o tubọ ni agbara si titi to fi ku ni ọdun 1825. Chiponda nlo irin iṣẹ awọn ẹya Afrika lati fi ṣe owo ti oun ọja. Francisca lekun owo awọn ọkọ rẹ. Agbara rẹ wa ni lilo awọn ẹru to bẹ gẹ to jẹ pe o maa nlo wọn lati ja ilẹ onilẹ gba[1].
Itọkasi[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 de Alencastro, L.F. (2018). The Trade in the Living: The Formation of Brazil in the South Atlantic, Sixteenth to Seventeenth Centuries. SUNY series, Fernand Braudel Center Studies in Historical Social Science. State University of New York Press. p. 600. ISBN 978-1-4384-6931-7. https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=RatxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA600. Retrieved 2023-08-26.
- ↑ Candido, Mariana P. (2015). "African Women in Ecclesiastical Documents, Benguela, 1760–1860". Social Sciences and Missions (Brill) 28 (3-4): 235–260. doi:10.1163/18748945-02803016. ISSN 1874-8937.
- ↑ "AS DONAS DE PRAZOS DOS RIOS DE SENA". Moçambique para todos (in Èdè Pọtogí). Retrieved 2023-08-26.
- ↑ "Joaquim Pereira". Galeria de Racistas. 2020-12-14. Retrieved 2023-08-26.
- ↑ Ojo, Olatunji (2012-01-03). "Document 2: Letters Found in the House of Kosoko, King of Lagos (1851)". African Economic History (African Economic History) 40 (1): 37–126. doi:10.3368/aeh.40.1.37. ISSN 0145-2258. https://aeh.uwpress.org/content/40/1/37. Retrieved 2023-08-26.
- ↑ Rodrigues, Eugénia (2015). "WOMEN, LAND, AND POWER IN THE ZAMBEZI VALLEY OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY". African Economic History (University of Wisconsin Press) 43: 19–56. ISSN 21639108 01452258, 21639108. JSTOR 44329625. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44329625. Retrieved 2023-08-26.