Antera Duke

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Antera Duke (wa ni aye titi di ẹyin ọdun 1788) jẹ óniṣowo ẹru ati oloye Efik to wa lati Calabar atijọ ni Bight ti Biafra ni ila oorun ti ilẹ Naijiria (Agbegbe naa tidi ipinlẹ Cross River nisin) ni century meji dinlogun sẹyin[1][2][3][4].

Antera yege to si di ọmọ ẹgbẹ awujọ ti Ekpe eyi to ni ipa pupọ ninu owo ẹru ṣiṣe[5][6]. Arakunrin naa ma nṣeto isinku eyi to jẹ fifi awọn ẹru ṣe irubọ lati tẹle awọn ọga wọn to ku lọ si inu sare. Duke ati awọn óniṣowo ẹgbẹrẹ ti Efik maa n wọṣọ funfun ti wọn si ma ṣalejo awọn captains ọkọ oju omi awọn ẹru.

Diary Antera ti wọn kọ ni ede gẹẹsi pidgin ni órilẹ ede Naijiria ni wọn ti ri ilẹ Scotland ti wọn si ti tẹ sita[7]. Diary yi kọ igbaṣepọ Duke pẹlu awọn oniṣowo British ti o ma nta ẹru fun[8]. Yatọ mi ma n ṣowo ẹru, Duke tun ma mu awọn ẹru fun rarẹ̀. Gẹgẹbi Diary rẹ[9], o daju fun óniṣowo Bakassi pẹlu mi mu oun ati awọn ẹru rẹ̀ meji to si ko wọn si ọkọ oju omi awọn ẹru. Fun ọdun mẹta to fi diary rẹ pamọ (1785-1788)[10], o sọrọ nipa ọkọ oju omi ogun ti o ko lẹru lati ilu Liverpool.

Itọkasi[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

  1. "History British History in depth: The Business of Enslavement". BBC. 2007-01-24. Retrieved 2023-08-26. 
  2. "The diary of Antera Duke, an eighteenth-century African slave trader in SearchWorks catalog". SearchWorks catalog. Retrieved 2023-08-26. 
  3. "The diary of Antera Duke, an eighteenth-century African slave trader". galileo-mum.primo.exlibrisgroup.com. Retrieved 2023-08-26. 
  4. Northrup, David Northrupdavid (2011-01-01). "Antera, Duke Ephraim". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 2023-08-26. 
  5. Institution, Smithsonian. "Efik traders of Old Calabar, containing The diary of Antera Duke, an Efik slave-trading chief of the eighteenth century, together with An ethnographic sketch and notes, by Donald C. Simmons, and an essay on The political organization of Old Calabar, by G. I. Jones". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2023-08-26. 
  6. "Antera Duke". Slavery and Remembrance. Retrieved 2023-08-26. 
  7. "The Diary of Antera Duke, an Eighteenth-Century African Slave Trader". -. 2010-03-08. Retrieved 2023-08-26. 
  8. "Holdings: The diary of Antera Duke, an eighteenth-century African slave trader / :: Library Catalog Search". Falvey Library. Retrieved 2023-08-26. 
  9. Lovejoy, Paul E. (2011). "<i>The Diary of Antera Duke: An Eighteenth-Century African Slave Trader</i> (review)". Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History (Project MUSE) 12 (1). doi:10.1353/cch.2011.0004. ISSN 1532-5768. 
  10. Hair, P.E.H. (1990). "Antera Duke of Old Calabar—A Little More About an African Entrepreneur". History in Africa (Cambridge University Press (CUP)) 17: 359–365. doi:10.2307/3171825. ISSN 0361-5413.