Ipà Àyipada Óju Ọjọ ninu Ẹkọ Ọgbin

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Ọgbin àgbado ni Ilẹ Uganda jẹ oun to nira nitori óóru ati ọgbẹlẹ to waye nitori àyipada óju ọjọ Uganda

Ìpa Àyipada Óju Ọjọ ninu Ẹkọ Ọgbin ti jasi èrè ókó kèkèrè ati onjẹ iyè nitori ọgbẹlẹ, óoru igbi ati ìkun ómi eyi lo fa alèkun ba ajẹnirun ati ààrun ohun ọgbin[1][2][3][4].

Ìpa lati Àyipada Àpẹrẹ́ Óju Ọjọ[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

Ìpa ọgbèlẹ́ ninu ókó irẹ̀si ni agbègbè Bình Thủy, Can Tho, Vietnam

Ayipada ninu óju ọjọ ko ipa ninu àgbègbè fun iṣẹ àgbẹ. Óóru maa njẹ adikun fun ìkórè ọgbin ni gbógbó àgbègbè bi ilẹ Canada ati àpà Ariwa ilẹ U.S. Ọpọlọpọ oun ọgbin lo maa nbajẹ nitori óóru[5][6].

Ni ọdun 2018, óóru nitori àyipada ójù ọjọ fa adinku ba ìkórè ọgbin papa julọ ilẹ Europe. Ni óṣù August, ọpọlọpọ óun ọgbin lo bajẹ eyi lo fa ọwọn ounjẹ ni àgbàyè[7][8].

Ọgbẹlẹ ati ìkun omi maa jasi adinku ìkórè ọgbin eyi lo ma jasi iparun ọgbin ati ounjẹ. Ọgbẹlẹ ni awọn ilu to dàgbàsókè maa nfa iyan ati àìjẹunrekánú[9][10][11].

Fifi ómi si nkan ọgbin dinku eyi lo ma fa adinku ba ìkórè ọgbin. Nitori airi ójó, atiri ómi fun nkan ọgbin jẹ inira nitori pe latari ọgbẹlẹ ọpọlọpọ ódó lo maa ngbẹ eyi lo mu wiwa ómi lọsi ibómiran[12][13][14].

Nitóri afikun aropin iwọn gbigbona tabi otutu, ọgbẹ̀lẹ wọpọ ni ilẹ Africa, Australia, gùùsù Europe ati Asia. Ìpa naa pọ nitori aini omi ati idàgbàsókè ilú. Ọgbẹlẹ jẹ́ akoba fun óun ọgbin ati nkan ọsin. Awọn àgbẹ maa nkuró ni àgbègbè kan lọ si ibó miran nitori ọgbẹlẹ[15].

Ayipada Óju Ọjọ ninu Àjẹnirun, Ààrun Óhun Ọgbin ati Kórikó[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

Ipa kókóró Èsusu ninu Aṣálẹ ati àyipada ójù ọjọ

Àfikun aropin iwọn gbigbona tabi otutu ko ipa ninu àjẹnirun, ààrun ọgbin ati korikó eyi lo fa adinkun ba ìkórè ọgbin[16][17].

Kókóró aifójuri ti ko pa ninu èrè ókó àgbàyè, ipèlè yi lè fa alèku ba óun ọgbin ati idàgbàsókè awọn àjẹnirun. Ìgbà óóru maa fa àlèkun ba idàgbàsókè ba kókóró inu ókó. Awọn ẹya kókóró yii ni wọn tete maa nbimọ nitori ayipada òjù ọjọ[18][19].

Ìkun ómi tabi ójó to lagbara maa nfa àlèkun ba idagbasókè awọn ajẹnirun ọgbin ati ààrun. Ọgbẹlẹ ni apa kan maa nfa idagbasókè óriṣiriṣi àjẹnirun bi kokoró aphid, ẹfọn funfun ati èsù[20].

Ayipada ójù ọjọ le jasi óóru eyi lo ma fa ki èsù bó awọn ókó nibi ti wọn ti ma ba oun ọgbin jẹ[21]. Eyi ti ṣẹlẹ ni órilẹ èdè ìla óórun Afrika ni ibẹrẹ ọdun 2020.

Ìṣiró Awọn Ìkóre Ìrugbin Apapọ agbaye[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

Àkànṣè Ètó lori Ìpa ayipada óju ọjọ ninu Ìkórè Ìrugbin ni Ọdun 2080s pẹlu afiwè ipèlè ọdun 2003

Ni ọdun 2007, Iwọn àyipada óju ọjọ ṣè àlèkun ba óun ọgbin latari ójó ṣugbọn gbẹkèlè óriṣiriṣi àgbègbè. Àkànṣè Ètó sọpè eyi lè dinku èbi lagbayè ni ọdun 2080 pẹlu afiwè ipèlè ọdun 2006[22][23].

Awọn ìpènija to pataki wa lati óun ọgbin to gbẹkẹlè omi tabi ti wọn wa ni àgbègbè ti o gbóna. [24][25].

Ìgbimọ Iwadi Apapọ ti US ṣiṣẹ lori ìpa ayipada óju ọjọ lori ìkórè irugbin ni ọdun 2011. Ìṣiró wọn nipè ayipada ninu ikórè lè dinkun tabi lèkin. Iwadi ọdun 2014 sọpè ikorè irugbin le dinku ni arin kèji Ọrundun pẹlu ipa to lagbara ni àgbègbè ti tropical ju àgbègbè iwọn otutu lọ[26][27].

Awọn Ìtọkasi[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

  1. ↑ "AR5 Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability". IPCC. 2023-09-18. Retrieved 2023-09-25. 
  2. ↑ Little, Amanda (2019-08-28). "Climate Change Is Likely to Devastate the Global Food Supply". Time. Retrieved 2023-09-25. 
  3. ↑ "Special Report on Climate Change and Land". IPCC site. 2020-07-03. Retrieved 2023-09-25. 
  4. ↑ "Climate Change Threatens the World’s Food Supply, United Nations Warns". The New York Times. 2019-08-08. Retrieved 2023-09-25. 
  5. ↑ Connor, Jeffery D.; Schwabe, Kurt; King, Darran; Knapp, Keith (2012). "Irrigated agriculture and climate change: The influence of water supply variability and salinity on adaptation". Ecological Economics (Elsevier BV) 77: 149–157. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.02.021. ISSN 0921-8009. 
  6. ↑ Tubiello, Francesco N.; Soussana, Jean-François; Howden, S. Mark (2007-12-11). "Crop and pasture response to climate change". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences) 104 (50): 19686–19690. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701728104. ISSN 0027-8424. 
  7. ↑ "Changing planet, changing health : how the climate crisis threatens our health and what we can do about it : Epstein, Paul R : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive". Internet Archive. 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2023-09-25. 
  8. ↑ Thomson, Linda J.; Macfadyen, Sarina; Hoffmann, Ary A. (2010). "Predicting the effects of climate change on natural enemies of agricultural pests". Biological Control (Elsevier BV) 52 (3): 296–306. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.01.022. ISSN 1049-9644. 
  9. ↑ "Are food insecure smallholder households making changes in their farming practices? Evidence from East Africa". Food Security 4 (3): 381–397. 2012. doi:10.1007/s12571-012-0194-z. 
  10. ↑ "Climate Change, Agriculture, and Poverty". Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 32 (3): 355–385. June 2010. doi:10.1093/aepp/ppq016. http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/91437/files/Hertel_et_al._IATRC_Summer_2010.pdf. 
  11. ↑ Higgins, Eoin (2019-05-29). "Climate Crisis Brings Historic Delay to Planting Season, Pressuring Farmers and Food Prices". EcoWatch. Retrieved 2023-09-25. 
  12. ↑ Dai, Aiguo (2010-10-19). "Drought under global warming: a review". WIREs Climate Change (Wiley) 2 (1): 45–65. doi:10.1002/wcc.81. ISSN 1757-7780. 
  13. ↑ Mishra, Ashok K.; Singh, Vijay P. (2011). "Drought modeling – A review". Journal of Hydrology (Elsevier BV) 403 (1-2): 157–175. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.049. ISSN 0022-1694. 
  14. ↑ Ding, Ya (2010-03-10). "Measuring Economic Impacts of Drought: A Review and Discussion". DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Retrieved 2023-09-25. 
  15. ↑ "When Heat Waves, Wildfires and Drought Grip Oregon and Washington". The New York Times. 2021-09-04. Retrieved 2023-09-25. 
  16. ↑ Chakraborty, S.; Newton, A. C. (2011-01-10). "Climate change, plant diseases and food security: an overview". Plant Pathology (Wiley) 60 (1): 2–14. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02411.x. ISSN 0032-0862. 
  17. ↑ Leonard, Abigail W. (2006-11-04). "Global Warming Could Trigger Insect Population Boom". livescience.com. Retrieved 2023-09-25. 
  18. ↑ Sgrò, Carla M.; Terblanche, John S.; Hoffmann, Ary A. (2016-03-11). "What Can Plasticity Contribute to Insect Responses to Climate Change?". Annual Review of Entomology (Annual Reviews) 61 (1): 433–451. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023859. ISSN 0066-4170. 
  19. ↑ Luck, J.; Spackman, M.; Freeman, A.; Tre˛bicki, P.; Griffiths, W.; Finlay, K.; Chakraborty, S. (2011-01-10). "Climate change and diseases of food crops". Plant Pathology (Wiley) 60 (1): 113–121. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02414.x. ISSN 0032-0862. 
  20. ↑ Rodenburg, J; Meinke, Holger; Johnson, DE (2011-05-03). "Challenges for weed management in African rice systems in a changing climate". University Of Tasmania. Retrieved 2023-09-25. 
  21. ↑ "Locust swarms and climate change". UNEP. 2020-02-06. Retrieved 2023-09-25. 
  22. ↑ "C. Current knowledge about future impacts - AR4 WGII Summary for Policymakers". ipcc.ch. 2010-01-25. Archived from the original on 2018-11-02. Retrieved 2023-09-25. 
  23. ↑ "AR4 WGII Chapter 5: Food, Fibre, and Forest Products". Executive summary. 2010-02-12. Archived from the original on 2013-03-12. Retrieved 2023-09-25. 
  24. ↑ "AR4 WGII Technical Summary - TS.1 Scope, approach and method of the Working Group II assessment". ipcc.ch. 2010-02-10. Archived from the original on 2011-06-08. Retrieved 2023-09-25. 
  25. ↑ "19.3.1 Introduction to - AR4 WGII Chapter 19: Assessing Key Vulnerabilities and the Risk from Climate Change". ipcc.ch. 2010-05-02. Archived from the original on 2013-03-12. Retrieved 2023-09-25. 
  26. ↑ Climate Stabilization Targets. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. 2011-02-11. doi:10.17226/12877. ISBN 978-0-309-15176-4. 
  27. ↑ Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts over Decades to Millennia. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. 2011-02-11. doi:10.17226/12877. ISBN 978-0-309-15176-4. http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12877. 
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