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{{Taxobox
| color = pink
| name = Ẹsin
| status = {{StatusDomesticated}}
| image = Mangalarga Marchador.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
| ordo = [[Perissodactyla]]
| familia = [[Equidae]]
| genus = ''[[Equus (genus)|Equus]]''
| species = '''''E. caballus'''''
| binomial = ''Equus caballus''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758
| synonyms =
''Equus ferus caballus'' <small>(see text)</small><br />
''Equus laurentius''
}}

'''Ẹsin''' 

The '''horse''' (''Equus ferus caballus'')<ref name="MSW3">{{MSW3 Perissodactyla|id=14100016|pages=630–631}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature|year=2003|title=Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Opinion 2027 (Case 3010)|journal=Bull. Zool. Nomencl.|volume=60|issue=1|pages=81–84|url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/iczn/BZNMar2003opinions.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070821235959/http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/iczn/BZNMar2003opinions.htm|archive-date=2007-08-21}}</ref> is a [[Domestication|domesticated]], [[Odd-toed ungulate|odd-toed]], [[Ungulate|hoofed mammal]]. It belongs to the taxonomic family [[Equidae]] and is one of two [[Extant taxon|extant]] [[subspecies]] of [[Wild horse|''Equus ferus'']]. The horse has [[Evolution of the horse|evolved]] over the past 45 to 55&nbsp;million years from a small multi-toed creature, ''[[Eohippus]]'', into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000 BC, and their [[Domestication of the horse|domestication]] is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC. Horses in the subspecies ''caballus'' are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as [[Feral horse|feral horses]]. These feral populations are not true [[Wild horse|wild horses]], as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from [[Equine anatomy|anatomy]] to life stages, size, [[Equine coat color|colors]], [[Horse markings|markings]], [[Horse breed|breeds]], [[Horse gait|locomotion]], and behavior.

Horses are [[Cursorial|adapted to run]], allowing them to quickly escape predators, possessing an excellent [[sense of balance]] and a strong [[fight-or-flight response]]. Related to this need to flee from predators in the wild is an unusual trait: horses are able to sleep both standing up and lying down, with younger horses tending to sleep significantly more than adults.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thespruce.com/learn-how-all-horses-sleep-1887328|title=Do You Know How Horses Sleep?|access-date=12 September 2018|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122181803/https://www.thespruce.com/learn-how-all-horses-sleep-1887328|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Female horses, called [[Mare|mares]], carry their young for approximately 11&nbsp;months, and a young horse, called a [[foal]], can stand and run shortly following birth. Most domesticated horses begin training under a [[saddle]] or in a [[Horse harness|harness]] between the ages of two and four. They reach full adult development by age five, and have an average lifespan of between 25 and 30&nbsp;years.




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==Itokasi==
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