1985 Copenhagen bombings

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1985 Copenhagen bombings
LocationCopenhagen, Denmark
Date22 July 1985
10:20, 10:31 (CET)
TargetGreat Synagogue, Northwest Orient Airlines offices, El Al offices (averted)
Attack typeBombings
Death(s)1[1]
Injured26[1]

Ni 22 Keje 1985, awọn bombu meji bu gbamu ni ikọlu onijagidijagan ni Copenhagen, Denmark . Ọ̀kan lára àwọn bọ́ǹbù náà bú sẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ sínágọ́gù Ńlá àti ilé ìtọ́jú àwọn Júù àti ilé ẹ̀kọ́ kékeré kan, àti òmíràn ní àwọn ọ́fíìsì ti Northwest Orient Airlines . O kere ju bombu kan, ti a gbero fun awọn ọfiisi ọkọ ofurufu El Al, ni a ṣe awari. Eniyan kan pa ati eniyan 26 ti farapa ninu awọn ikọlu naa. [1] [2] [3] Awọn ara ilu Palestine Abu Talb ati Marten Imandi ti o da lori Sweden ni ẹjọ si ẹwọn igbesi aye ni Sweden fun awọn ikọlu, eyiti o jẹ apakan ti awọn ikọlu lẹsẹsẹ ni ọdun 1985 ati 1986, lakoko ti awọn alajọṣepọ meji gba awọn idajọ ti o kere ju ti ẹwọn ọdun kan ati mẹfa. [4] [5]

Awọn bombu[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

Sinagogu Nla ti Copenhagen (2009).

Bombu akọkọ ti gbamu ni awọn ọfiisi ti Northwest Orient Airlines, lẹhinna ọkọ ofurufu ti Amẹrika nikan pẹlu awọn ọfiisi ni Copenhagen, ni 10:20. [3] [6] Ìṣẹ́jú mẹ́wàá lẹ́yìn náà, ní agogo 10:31, sínágọ́gù Ńlá ti Copenhagen, sínágọ́gù tí ó dàgbà jù lọ ní Scandinavia, àti Meyers Minne Ilé Nọ́ọ̀sì tí ó wà nítòsí ni ìbúgbàù mìíràn kọlu. [3] [7] [8] [6] Ní àfikún sí i, ó kéré tán bọ́ǹbù kan tí àwọn ọlọ́pàá kò tú jáde ló wà. [3] Ọkan ninu awọn bombu ti ko gbamu ni a ri ninu apo ọkọ ofurufu Northwest Orient ti o fa lati ibudo ni Nyhavn . Awọn ajeji mẹfa ni o waye ni ṣoki fun ibeere nipasẹ ọlọpa, diẹ ninu wọn ti gbiyanju lati lọ kuro ni orilẹ-ede naa lori ọna asopọ ọkọ oju omi hydrofoil iṣẹju 40 si Sweden. Bomba miiran ti a fura si ni ijabọ nipasẹ awọn oluyaworan iroyin lati rii ni agbala ti aafin Christianborg, nibiti Ile-igbimọ Danish ti pade. [3]

Prime Minister Danish Poul Schlüter sọ “ibanujẹ pe a ni iriri bayi pe Denmark paapaa ti kọlu nipasẹ iṣẹ apanilaya,” ni sisọ pe “a ti salọ fun ọpọlọpọ ọdun, lakoko ti awọn ọkunrin ati awọn ajọ alaiṣedede ti tan iku ati iparun ni awọn orilẹ-ede Yuroopu miiran.” [3]

Ojuse[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

Ẹgbẹ Hezbollah ti Islam Jihad ti o somọ pe awọn ọfiisi Beirut ti Associated Press lati beere ojuse fun awọn ikọlu naa, ni sisọ pe Denmark ti ni ifọkansi nitori pe ko ti kọlu ni awọn ikọlu iṣaaju. Sibẹsibẹ, ọpọlọpọ awọn amoye gbagbọ pe Hezbollah ti jẹ “anfani” ni iṣẹlẹ naa. [3] [7] [9]

Abu Talb, ọkan ninu awọn ẹlẹṣẹ, jẹ ọmọ ẹgbẹ ti Ẹgbẹ Ominira Palestine ati Iwaju Ijakadi Gbajumo ti Palestine, awọn ẹgbẹ orilẹ-ede Palestine mejeeji. Diẹ ninu awọn amoye ti sopọ mọ awọn ikọlu naa si PFLP-GC, Ẹgbẹ onijagun orilẹ-ede Palestine ti ọmọ ẹgbẹ ti mu ni Sweden. [10] Ẹgbẹ Iwaju Ijakadi Gbajumo ti Palestine ti tun jẹ idawọle fun awọn ikọlu naa. [11]

Ni ọdun 2000, lakoko iwadii fun bombu Pan Am Flight 103, Talb sọ pe arabinrin iyawo iyawo rẹ ti shot ati pa ni Israeli taara nipasẹ Alakoso Alakoso Israeli Ehud Barak . [12] Talb tun mẹnuba bi nini awọn ọna asopọ pẹlu mejeeji Iwaju Gbajumo fun Ominira ti Palestine - Aṣẹ Gbogbogbo ati Iwaju Ijakadi Gbajumo ti Palestine, eyiti o ti mọ mejeeji lati gbe awọn ikọlu apanilaya ni ayika akoko bombu naa. [12] Eyi, pẹlu gbogbo awọn eniyan mẹrin ti a mu fun bombu naa jẹ ara ilu Palestine, daba pe ikọlu naa ti ni iwuri nipasẹ ifẹ orilẹ-ede Palestine . [13]

Iwadi ati idanwo[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

Botilẹjẹpe awọn itọpa ni kutukutu tọka si Sweden, aṣeyọri ninu iwadii ko wa titi di ọdun 1988 nigbati a mu Marten Imandi ni Rødbyhavn lakoko ti o ngbiyanju lati fa eniyan mẹta lọ nipasẹ Denmark. Ọlọpa gba itẹka rẹ, eyiti a rii pe o baamu itẹka kan lati inu apoti apoti ti a rii ni Nyhavn . Ọlọpa ni Uppsala, Sweden lẹhinna mu awọn afurasi mẹta miiran. Awọn ọkunrin mẹrin naa, gbogbo awọn ara ilu Palestine, ni a gbejọ ni Sweden. [6]

Ọkan ninu awọn afurasi naa, Mahmoud Mougrabi bajẹ jẹwọ si awọn ikọlu naa, funrararẹ ti gbiyanju lati bu bombu kan ni awọn ọfiisi ti ile-iṣẹ ọkọ ofurufu Israel El Al ṣaaju ki o to rii, ti o fa ki o pa bombu naa kuro ki o sọ sinu okun kuro ni ibudo Nyhavn. bombu kilo 15, alagbara julọ ninu awọn bombu mẹta ni awọn ọlọpa gba pada, eyiti o jẹ ẹri pataki ti Mougrabi ni idajọ. Imandi ati Abu Talb ni a dajọ si ẹwọn igbesi aye ni Oṣu Keji ọdun 1989 gẹgẹbi awọn oluṣebi akọkọ ti awọn bombu. [6] Mahmoud Mougrabi ati arakunrin rẹ Moustafa ni ẹjọ si ẹwọn mẹfa ati ọdun kan ni atele fun iṣọpọ ninu awọn ikọlu ni ọdun 1985 ati 1986, pẹlu awọn bombu ni Dubai ati Amsterdam . [5] [6]

Awọn itọkasi[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "30 års fængsel for terror i København". Archived on 2015-11-17. Error: If you specify |archivedate=, you must also specify |archiveurl=. http://nyhederne.tv2.dk/article.php/id-11229144:30-%C3%A5rs-f%C3%A6ngsel-for-terror-i-k%C3%B8benhavn.html. 
  2. ↑ Rubin, Barry; Rubin, Judith Colp (2015). Chronologies of Modern Terrorism. Routledge. ISBN 9781317474654. https://books.google.com/books?id=ynNsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA199. Retrieved 2018-04-26. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 "27 Injured in 3 Terrorist Explosions in Copenhagen". Archived on 2015-02-15. Error: If you specify |archivedate=, you must also specify |archiveurl=. https://articles.latimes.com/1985-07-22/news/mn-6060_1_terrorist-explosions. 
  4. ↑ "Pan Am Bombing Suspect Convicted in Other Attacks". Associated Press. Archived on 2018-06-12. Error: If you specify |archivedate=, you must also specify |archiveurl=. https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/22/world/pan-am-bombing-suspect-convicted-in-other-attacks.html. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Wines, Michael. "Portrait of Pan Am Suspect: Affable Exile, Fiery Avenger". Archived on 2018-06-12. Error: If you specify |archivedate=, you must also specify |archiveurl=. https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/24/world/portrait-of-pan-am-suspect-affable-exile-fiery-avenger.html?pagewanted=print. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "Angrebet på Northwest Orient" (in Danish). TV 2. 9 December 2007. Archived from the original on 2 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221202024051/https://nyheder.tv2.dk/nyheder/article.php/id-8177482%2525253Aangrebet-p%252525C3%252525A5-northwest-orient.html. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "27 Injured in Copenhagen Mideast Terrorist Blasts". The New York Times. 23 July 1985. Archived on 2015-11-17. Error: If you specify |archivedate=, you must also specify |archiveurl=. https://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/23/world/27-injured-in-copenhagen-in-mideast-terrorist-blasts.html. 
  8. ↑ "Number of Terrorist Attacks in 1985 Up Sharply; Hijackings Alone Leave 62 Dead". Los Angeles Times. 28 December 1985. Archived on 2015-08-08. Error: If you specify |archivedate=, you must also specify |archiveurl=. https://articles.latimes.com/1985-12-28/news/mn-29586_1_terrorist-attacks. 
  9. ↑ Jessup, John E. (1998). An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 338. ISBN 9780313281129. https://books.google.com/books?id=hP7jJAkTd9MC&pg=PA338. Retrieved 2017-10-19. 
  10. ↑ Alexander, Yonah (2003). The United Kingdom's Legal Responses to Terrorism, Psychology Press, p. 509.
  11. ↑ "Angrebet på Northwest Orient". Archived from the original on 2022-12-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20221202024051/https://nyheder.tv2.dk/nyheder/article.php/id-8177482%2525253Aangrebet-p%252525C3%252525A5-northwest-orient.html. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Lockerbie lawyers quiz Palestinian" (in en-GB). 2000-11-14. Archived on 2018-04-13. Error: If you specify |archivedate=, you must also specify |archiveurl=. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/1023083.stm. 
  13. ↑ "One Year After Flight 103 Blast, Trail Of Evidence Leads To Sweden" (in en). tribunedigital-chicagotribune. Archived on 2018-04-10. Error: If you specify |archivedate=, you must also specify |archiveurl=. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1989-12-25/news/8903200605_1_mohammed-abu-talb-pan-am-disaster-bombings. 

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