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Jumbes ti Nkhotakota

Lát'ọwọ́ Wikipedia, ìwé ìmọ̀ ọ̀fẹ́

Jumbes ti Nkhotakota jẹ akojọpọ awọn oniṣowo ilẹ Larubawa-Swahili ti wọn gbe ni Nkhotakota, iwọ oorun ti ibudo ti Malawi[1][2]. Iṣẹ wọn ni ki wọn ma fi àṣọ gba Ivory ati ẹru ni etikun ti Swahili. Awọn óniṣowo yi lo gbe ẹsin musulumi ati àṣa rẹ̀ wa si agbegbe Nikhotakota ti wọn si tun jẹ ẹni akọkọ lati gbin irẹsi ati agbọn ni agbegbe naa[3].

Oludari dynasty naa ni Salim bin Abdallah wa si Nkhotakota ni ọdun 1840[4]. Arakunrin naa jẹ́ larubawa lati Zanzibar to si kopa ninu owo ẹru ati Ivory ni Ujiji ati Tabora ta pe ni Tanzania ni aye isin[5]. Salim sọfun awọn ijoye abẹle ti Chewa ki wọn fun oun ni ilẹ fun owo ṣiṣe[6]. O kopa lati lagbara ni agbegbe naa lati kọ dhow eyi lo mu ki awọn óniṣowo lati taja lori odo ati pe ntoripe arakunrin naa ni oun ija, eyi lo jẹ ki o le dabobo awọn ara odo naa lati ọwọ ija awọn Ngoni.

Awọn ara Jumbes ma n ra 20000 ẹru lọdun lọsi ibudo kilwa ni Tanzani aye isin. Awọn ti wọn ko lẹru ni wọn ma nfi pamọ si Nkhotakota titi di igba ti wọn mafipe ẹgbẹrun kan[7]. Lẹyin naa ni wọn ma ko wọn si ọkọ oju omi Malawi ti wa si i pa muwọn lati rin fun óṣu mẹta tabi mẹrin titi wa fi de ọja Oko ẹru Kilwa nibi ti wa ti ta wọn. Missionary David Livingstone ri oko ẹru yi nigba to wa si Nkhotakota ni ọdun 1861. Ni ọdun 1864, Jumbes ṣe treaty pẹlu awọn ara Jumbe ati oloye chew lati fi opin ba oko ẹru. Eyi jasi pabo to si mu ki oko ẹru tẹsiwaju[8]. Awọn Jumes tu ma nṣe oko owo Ivory. Wọn ma yan awọn ọlọdẹ lati bawọn gba ivory lati oke iwọ orun ti Nkhotakota. Ni ọdun 1889, oko ẹrun ti di oun afi sẹyin, jumbe ma rin ere ninu oko owo Ivory. Awọn ọlọde rẹ wa kakiri arin Malawi.

Agbara awọn Jumbes dinku nigba ti Henry Hamilton Johnston lo agbara ti protectorate ti british ti arin ilẹ afrika ni agbegbe naa. Arakunrin naa gbiyanju lati fi opin si oko ẹru, o jagun ba Jumbe igbẹyin pẹlu ijagbara Sikh ni ọdun 1894 ti wọn si dajọ rẹ̀ ati pe wọn le lọsi Zanzibar[9].

  1. Msiska, Augustine W.C. (1995). "The Spread of Islam in Malawi and its Impact on Yao Rites of Passage, 1870-1960". The Society of Malawi Journal (Society of Malawi - Historical and Scientific) 48 (1): 49–86. ISSN 0037993X. JSTOR 29778728. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29778728. Retrieved 2023-08-26. 
  2. Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Malawi Slave Routes and Dr. David Livingstone Trail". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2023-08-26. 
  3. Kalinga, O.J.M. (2012). Historical Dictionary of Malawi. African historical dictionaries. Scarecrow Press. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-8108-5961-6. https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=FuXPkCVjzasC&pg=PA212. Retrieved 2023-08-26. 
  4. "Jumbe Mosque and GraveGallery". Malawi. Retrieved 2023-08-26. 
  5. Page, M.E. (1972). "David Livingstone and the Jumbe of Nkhotakota". Rhodesian History 3: 29–39. https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=187350116. Retrieved 2023-08-26. 
  6. "Nkhotakota District in Malawi|Malawi Travel and Business Guide". Malawi Travel and Business Guide (in Èdè Jàpáànù). 2023-02-15. Retrieved 2023-08-26. 
  7. Glanz, Karl (2020) (in de). Afrika, Religion und Befreiung. neobooks. p. 10. ISBN 978-3-7529-0821-3. https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=phtpEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT10. Retrieved 2023-08-26. 
  8. Longwe, H. (2013). Identity by Dissociation: A History of the Achewa Providence Industrial Mission. Mzuni books. Mzuni Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-99960-27-05-5. https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=n4Z6T9_194kC&pg=PA77. Retrieved 2023-08-26. 
  9. Insoll, T. (2003). The Archaeology of Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa. Cambridge World Archaeology. Cambridge University Press. p. 393. ISBN 978-0-521-65702-0. https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=frC8SAu9QxQC&pg=PA393. Retrieved 2023-08-26.