Muhammad Ali Pasha

Muhammad Ali
Muhammad Ali
	Pasha
	Àwòrán Muhammed tí Auguste Couder yà ní ọdún 1840
	Wāli of Egypt, Sudan, Sham, Hejaz, Morea, Thasos, Crete
Reign	17 May 1805 – 2 March 1848
Predecessor	Hurshid Pasha
Successor	Ibrahim Pasha
Spouse	Amina Hanim; Mahduran Hanim; Ayn al-Hayat Qadin; Mumtaz Qadin; Mahwish Qadin; Namshaz Qadin; Zayba Khadija Qadin; Shams Safa Qadin; Shami Nur Qadin; Umm Numan; Naila Qadin; Gulfidan Qadin; Qamar Qadin;
Issue
	Tawhida Hanim; Ibrahim Pasha; Ahmed Tusun Pasha; Isma'il Kamil Pasha; Khadija Nazli Hanim; Sa'id Pasha; Abd al-Halim Bey; Muhammad Ali Pasha; Zaynab Hanim; Muhammad Abd al-Halim Pasha;
Father	Ibrahim Agha
Mother	Zeinab
Born	4 March 1769 ; Kavala, Sanjak of Kavala, Rumelia Eyalet, Ottoman Empire
Died	2 August 1849 (ọmọ ọdún 80) ; Ras el-Tin Palace, Alexandria, Egypt Eyalet, Ottoman Empire
Burial	Mosque of Muhammad Ali, Cairo Citadel, Egypt
Religion	Sunni Islam

Muhammad Ali Pasha (Lárúbáwá: محمد علي باشا‎; tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù kẹta ọdún 1769 tí ó sì fi ayé sílẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1849)^{[lower-alpha 1]} jẹ́ gomina Ottoman^[2] àti adarí orílẹ̀ èdè Ìjíptì láàrin ọdún 1805 sí 1848, ọ̀pọ̀ káà mọ́ ara àwọn tí ó kọ́ Íjíptì òde òní. Nígbà tí ìjọba rẹ̀ tàn, ó dárí Egypt, Sudan, Hejaz, Najd, Levant, Cyprus àti apá kan Greece.

Ó jẹ́ olórí ogun nínú àwọn ọmọ ológun Albania tí wọ́n rán láti gba Íjìptì lọ́wọ́ ìjọba France lábẹ́ Napoleon. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Napoleon fi ilé náà sílẹ̀, Muhammad Ali di gómìnà Wāli (gọ́minà) Ìgìptì, ó sì di Pasha.

Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí

↑ The spelling of Muhammad Ali's first name in both Arabic and Ottoman Turkish was consistent: محمد (Muhammad). This is the name by which he was known to his Egyptian subjects, and the name used uniformly in Egyptian and Arabic language historical scholarship. However, given his original status as a commander in the Ottoman military, his first name is often rendered as Mehmed, which is the standard rendition of that name in Ottoman Turkish, or Mehmet in Albanian. Current English-language historical scholarship is divided as to which is preferable, with the majority opinion favoring the former. Typically, historians accentuating the Egyptian character of his rule opt for Muhammad, whilst those accentuating the Ottoman character opt for Mehmed or Mehmet. This distinction is an issue for those writing in the Latin alphabet, but not in Arabic.^[1]

Àṣìṣe ìtọ́kasí: <ref> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <references group="lower-alpha"/> tag was found

↑ Khalid Fahmy (1998). All the Pasha's Men: Mehmed Ali, his Army and the Making of Modern Egypt. Cambridge University Press.
↑
Özavcı, Hilmi Ozan (2021). Dangerous Gifts: Imperialism, Security, and Civil Wars in the Levant, 1798-1864. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-885296-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=Lbo0EAAAQBAJ.
- p. 93: Àdàkọ:Quote
- pp. 97–98: Àdàkọ:Quote

[2] The spelling of Muhammad Ali's first name in both Arabic and Ottoman Turkish was consistent: محمد (Muhammad). This is the name by which he was known to his Egyptian subjects, and the name used uniformly in Egyptian and Arabic language historical scholarship. However, given his original status as a commander in the Ottoman military, his first name is often rendered as Mehmed, which is the standard rendition of that name in Ottoman Turkish, or Mehmet in Albanian. Current English-language historical scholarship is divided as to which is preferable, with the majority opinion favoring the former. Typically, historians accentuating the Egyptian character of his rule opt for Muhammad, whilst those accentuating the Ottoman character opt for Mehmed or Mehmet. This distinction is an issue for those writing in the Latin alphabet, but not in Arabic.^[1]

[Fahmy-1] Khalid Fahmy (1998). All the Pasha's Men: Mehmed Ali, his Army and the Making of Modern Egypt. Cambridge University Press.

[3] Özavcı, Hilmi Ozan (2021). Dangerous Gifts: Imperialism, Security, and Civil Wars in the Levant, 1798-1864. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-885296-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=Lbo0EAAAQBAJ.
p. 93: Àdàkọ:Quote

pp. 97–98: Àdàkọ:Quote

[mwWQ] . 93: Àdàkọ:Quote

[mwWw] . 97–98: Àdàkọ:Quote

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