Bósónì Higgs

Higgs boson
One possible signature of a Higgs boson from a simulated proton–proton collision. It decays almost immediately into two jets of hadrons and two electrons, visible as lines.
Composition:	Elementary particle
Status:	Tentatively observed – a boson "consistent with" the Higgs boson has been observed, but as of July 2012, scientists have not conclusively identified it as the Higgs boson.
Symbol(s):	H0
Discovered:	a compatible particle has been observed by ATLAS and CMS (2012)
Types:	1 in the Standard Model; 5 or more in supersymmetric models
Mass:	125.3±0.6 GeV/c2, ∼126 GeV/c2
Electric charge:	0
Spin:	0

(Higgs boson tabi patiku Higgs jẹ patikulu alakọbẹrẹ ti a dabaa ni Awoṣe Standard ti fisiksi patiku. Higgs boson ni orukọ lẹhin Peter Higgs ẹniti, pẹlu awọn miiran, dabaa ilana ti o daba iru patiku kan ni ọdun 1964.[4][5][6] Wiwa ti Higgs boson ati aaye Higgs ti o somọ yoo jẹ ọna ti o rọrun julọ ti a mọ lati ṣalaye idi ti awọn patikulu alakọbẹrẹ miiran ninu awoṣe boṣewa ni ibi-iwọn wọn. Ninu ero yii, aaye ti a ko rii ni aaye kun; aaye yii ni iye ti kii ṣe odo ni gbogbo ibi, paapaa ni ipo agbara ti o kere julọ, ati ọpọlọpọ awọn patikulu alakọbẹrẹ miiran gba ibi-pupọ nipasẹ ibaraenisọrọ pẹlu aaye yii. Higgs boson-irora ti o kere julọ ti aaye yii-ni a sọtẹlẹ lati wa tẹlẹ nipasẹ ilana kanna, ati pe o ti jẹ ibi-afẹde ti wiwa gigun ni fisiksi patiku. Ọkan ninu awọn ibi-afẹde apẹrẹ akọkọ ti Large Hadron Collider (“LHC”) ni CERN ni Geneva, Siwitsalandi — ọkan ninu awọn ohun elo imọ-jinlẹ ti o ni idiju julọ ti a kọ tẹlẹ — ni lati ṣe idanwo aye ti Higgs boson ati wiwọn awọn ohun-ini rẹ, eyiti yoo gba awọn onimọ-jinlẹ laaye lati jẹrisi igun igun yii ti imọran ode oni.

Nitori ipa rẹ ninu ohun-ini ipilẹ ti awọn patikulu alakọbẹrẹ, Higgs boson ni a ti tọka si bi “patiku Ọlọrun” ni aṣa olokiki, botilẹjẹpe gbogbo awọn onimọ-jinlẹ gba eyi bi hyperbole. Gẹgẹbi Awoṣe Standard, patiku Higgs jẹ boson, iru patiku kan ti o fun laaye awọn patikulu aami pupọ lati wa ni aye kanna ni ipo kuatomu kanna. Pẹlupẹlu, awoṣe ṣe afihan pe patiku naa ko ni iyipo inu inu, ko si idiyele ina, ati pe ko si idiyele awọ. O tun jẹ riru pupọ, ibajẹ fere lẹsẹkẹsẹ lẹhin ẹda rẹ. Ti Higgs boson ba han pe ko si tẹlẹ, awọn awoṣe “Higgsless” miiran yoo gbero.

Ni ọdun 2011 nọmba awọn adanwo wọnyi ti didiẹdiẹ ati nigbagbogbo ṣe afihan ọpọlọpọ awọn agbara ni ayika 125 GeV (ẹyọkan ti ibi-fun awọn patikulu). Lori 4 Keje 2012, awọn CMS ati awọn ATLAS esiperimenta egbe ni Large Hadron Collider ominira kede wipe won timo awọn lodo Awari ti a tẹlẹ aimọ boson ti ibi laarin 125-127 GeV, ti ihuwasi titi di "ni ibamu pẹlu" a Higgs boson, kiyesi wipe siwaju data ati onínọmbà ti a nilo ṣaaju ki o to daadaa idamo awọn patiku.)

The Higgs boson or Higgs particle is a proposed elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics. The Higgs boson is named after Peter Higgs who, along with others, proposed the mechanism that suggested such a particle in 1964. The existence of the Higgs boson and the associated Higgs field would be the simplest known method to explain why certain other elementary particles in the standard model have their mass. In this theory, an unseen field permeates space; this field has a non-zero value everywhere, even in its lowest energy state, and various other elementary particles obtain mass by interacting with this field. The Higgs boson—the smallest possible excitation of this field—is predicted to exist by the same theory, and has been the target of a long search in particle physics. One of the primary design goals of the Large Hadron Collider ("LHC") at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland—one of the most complicated scientific instruments ever built—was to test the existence of the Higgs boson and measure its properties, which would allow physicists to confirm this cornerstone of modern theory.

Because of its role in a fundamental property of elementary particles, the Higgs boson has been referred to as the "God particle" in popular culture, although virtually all scientists regard this as a hyperbole. According to the Standard Model, the Higgs particle is a boson, a type of particle that allows multiple identical particles to exist in the same place in the same quantum state. Furthermore, the model posits that the particle has no intrinsic spin, no electric charge, and no colour charge. It is also very unstable, decaying almost immediately after its creation. If the Higgs boson were shown not to exist, other "Higgsless" models would be considered.

By 2011 a number of these experiments had gradually and consistently highlighted a range of energies around 125 GeV (a unit of mass for particles). On 4 July 2012, the CMS and the ATLAS experimental teams at the Large Hadron Collider independently announced that they confirmed the formal discovery of a previously unknown boson of mass between 125–127 GeV, whose behaviour so far was "consistent with" a Higgs boson, noting that further data and analysis were needed before positively identifying the particle beyond doubt.