Ọkọ ofurufu Amẹrika 63 (2001)

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American Airlines Flight 63 bombing attempt
Richard Reid's shoes
LocationAirborne, between Paris and Miami
DateDecember 22, 2001;
ọdún 22 sẹ́yìn (December 22, 2001)
TargetCivilian airliner
Attack typeAttempted suicide bombing
Death(s)0
Injured1
American Airlines Flight 63
N384AA, the aircraft involved, 11 years after the incident
Àkótán Bombing attempt
Ọjọ́December 22, 2001;
ọdún 22 sẹ́yìn (December 22, 2001)
IbiAirborne, between Paris and Miami
Èrò185
Òṣìṣẹ́12[1]
Injuries1
Fatalities0
Survivors197
Aircraft typeBoeing 767-300ER
OperatorAmerican Airlines
Tail numberÀdàkọ:Airreg
Flight originCharles de Gaulle Airport
StopoverLogan International Airport
DestinationMiami International Airport

Ni Oṣu Kejila ọjọ 22, Ọdun 2001, igbiyanju bombu bata ti kuna kan waye ninu Ọkọ ofurufu 63 American Airlines . Ọkọ ofurufu naa, Boeing 767-300ER (Iforukọsilẹ N384AA) pẹlu awọn arinrin-ajo 197 ati awọn atukọ ti o wa ninu ọkọ, n fo lati Papa ọkọ ofurufu Charles de Gaulle ni Paris, France, si Papa ọkọ ofurufu International Miami ni ipinlẹ AMẸRIKA ti Florida .

Aṣebiakọ naa, Richard Reid, ti tẹriba nipasẹ awọn arinrin-ajo lẹhin igbiyanju ti ko ṣaṣeyọri lati dena awọn ibẹjadi ṣiṣu ti o farapamọ laarin bata rẹ. Ọkọ ofurufu naa ni a darí si Papa ọkọ ofurufu International Logan ni Boston, ti awọn onija ọkọ ofurufu Amẹrika ti ṣabọ, o si balẹ laisi iṣẹlẹ siwaju sii. A mu Reid ati nikẹhin ẹjọ si awọn ofin igbesi aye mẹta pẹlu ọdun 110, laisi parole.

Iṣẹlẹ[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

Bi Flight 63 ti n fò lori Okun Atlantiki, Richard Reid, Onigbagbọ Islam kan lati United Kingdom ati ti ara ẹni ti al-Qaeda ti n ṣiṣẹ, ti gbe awọn bata ti o ni awọn iru awọn ibẹjadi meji. Wọ́n ti kọ̀ ọ́ láyè láti wọ ọkọ̀ òfuurufú náà lọ́jọ́ tó ṣáájú. [2] [3]

Awọn arinrin-ajo lori ọkọ ofurufu rojọ ti oorun ẹfin ni kete lẹhin iṣẹ ounjẹ. Olutọju ọkọ ofurufu kan, Hermis Moutardier, rin awọn ọna ti ọkọ ofurufu lati wa orisun. O ri Reid joko nikan nitosi ferese kan, o ngbiyanju lati tan ina kan baramu. Moutardier kilo fun u pe a ko gba siga siga lori ọkọ ofurufu naa, Reid si ṣe ileri lati da.

Awọn iṣẹju diẹ lẹhinna, Moutardier ri Reid ti o tẹriba lori ijoko rẹ ko si gbiyanju lati gba akiyesi rẹ. Lẹhin ti o beere lọwọ rẹ pe kini o n ṣe, Reid dimu ni i, o fi bata kan han ni itan rẹ, fiusi kan ti o yorisi bata, ati ibaamu ina. Ko le tu bombu naa: perspiration lati ẹsẹ rẹ sọ triacetone triperoxide (TATP) di o si jẹ ki o jẹ ina. [4]

Moutardier gbiyanju lati mu Reid lẹẹmeji, ṣugbọn o tì i si ilẹ ni igba kọọkan, o si pariwo fun iranlọwọ. Nígbà tí òṣìṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfuurufú mìíràn, Cristina Jones, dé láti gbìyànjú láti ṣẹ́gun Reid, ó bá a jà, ó sì bu àtàǹpàkò rẹ̀ jẹ.

6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m) Reid ga, ẹniti o wọn 215 pounds (98 kg), ti tẹriba nipasẹ awọn iranṣẹ ọkọ ofurufu ati awọn arinrin-ajo miiran ati ki o gbe kuro nipasẹ awọn atukọ agọ nipa lilo awọn ẹwọn ṣiṣu, awọn amugbooro ijoko, ati awọn okun agbekọri. Dọkita kan ti nṣakoso diazepam ti a rii ninu ohun elo ọkọ ofurufu ti ọkọ ofurufu naa. Pupọ ninu awọn arinrin-ajo nikan ni o mọ ipo naa nigbati awakọ ọkọ ofurufu naa kede pe ọkọ ofurufu naa ni lati darí si Papa ọkọ ofurufu International Logan ni Boston . [5] 

Awọn ọkọ ofurufu F-15 meji ti o gba ọkọ ofurufu 63 lọ si Papa ọkọ ofurufu Logan. Ọkọ ofurufu naa duro ni arin oju-ọna ojuonaigberaokoofurufu, ati pe a mu Reid lori ilẹ nigba ti awọn iyokù ti awọn ero ti a fi sinu ọkọ si ebute akọkọ. Awọn alaṣẹ nigbamii ri diẹ sii ju 280 grams (9.9 oz) ti TATP ati pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) ti o farapamọ sinu awọn atẹlẹsẹ hollowed ti bata Reid, [3] to lati fẹ iho idaran ninu ọkọ ofurufu naa. [6] O jẹbi jẹbi, ati pe o jẹbi, o dajọ si awọn ofin igbesi aye mẹta pẹlu ọdun 110 laisi parole ati fi sinu tubu ni ADX Florence, ẹwọn Federal Supermax kan ni Ilu Colorado .

Lẹhin[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

Oṣu mẹfa lẹhin ijamba ti American Airlines Flight 587 ni Queens, New York, ni Oṣu kọkanla ọjọ 12, ọdun 2001, Mohammed Mansour Jabarah gba lati ṣe ifowosowopo pẹlu awọn alaṣẹ Amẹrika ni paṣipaarọ fun gbolohun ti o dinku. O sọ pe ẹlẹgbẹ Canada Abderraouf Jdey ni o jẹ iduro fun iparun ọkọ ofurufu naa, ni lilo bombu bata kan ti o jọra ti o rii lori Reid ni ọpọlọpọ awọn oṣu sẹyin. Sibẹsibẹ, o ṣafihan lakoko iwadii jamba pe aṣiṣe awakọ, kii ṣe ipanilaya, mu ọkọ ofurufu naa silẹ. Jabarah jẹ alabaṣiṣẹpọ ti a mọ ti Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, o si sọ pe Reid ati Jdey ti ni orukọ mejeeji nipasẹ olori al-Qaeda lati kopa ninu awọn igbero kanna. [7] [8]

Ni ọdun 2006, awọn ilana aabo ni awọn papa ọkọ ofurufu Amẹrika ti yipada ni idahun si iṣẹlẹ yii, pẹlu awọn arinrin-ajo ti o nilo lati yọ bata wọn ṣaaju ki o to tẹsiwaju nipasẹ awọn ọlọjẹ. [9] Ibeere naa ti yọkuro fun diẹ ninu awọn aririn ajo, paapaa awọn ti o ni TSA PreCheck, ni ọdun 2011. [10] Bakannaa ni 2011, awọn ofin ti wa ni isinmi lati gba awọn ọmọde 12 ati awọn agbalagba ati awọn agbalagba 75 ati agbalagba lati tọju bata wọn ni akoko awọn ayẹwo aabo. [11]

Nọmba ọkọ ofurufu 63 tẹsiwaju lati lo lori ipa-ọna lati Paris si Miami, botilẹjẹpe ipa-ọna n ṣiṣẹ ni bayi pẹlu Boeing 777, bi Awọn ọkọ ofurufu Amẹrika ti fẹyìntì 767 lakoko ajakaye-arun COVID-19 . [12] N384AA ti yipada si ọkọ ofurufu ẹru ni ọdun 2019 ni atẹle ifẹhinti rẹ ati pe o n ṣiṣẹ ni bayi fun Amerijet International, tun forukọsilẹ bi N349CM.

Wo eleyi na[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

Àdàkọ:Portal box

  • Pan Am Flight 103, ọkọ ofurufu Pan Am run nipasẹ bombu PETN, pipa eniyan 270 - iṣẹlẹ ṣẹlẹ ni ọdun 13 ni pato ṣaaju iṣẹlẹ bombu bata bata.
  • Ọdun 1994 Awọn ọkọ ofurufu Philippine Airlines Flight 434, ṣiṣe idanwo fun al-Qaeda Operation Bojinka, ti o pa ero ọkọ ofurufu kan ni bombu.
  • 1995 Idite Bojinka, igbimọ al-Qaeda lati fẹ awọn ọkọ ofurufu 12 bi wọn ti nlọ lati Asia si AMẸRIKA
  • Ọdun 2006 Transatlantic Aircraft Plot, idite ti kuna lati fẹ soke o kere ju awọn ọkọ ofurufu 10 bi wọn ti nlọ lati UK si AMẸRIKA ati Kanada
  • 2009 Keresimesi Day bombu Idite, kuna al-Qaeda PETN bombu ti ofurufu
  • Idite bombu ọkọ ofurufu 2010, ti kuna al-Qaeda PETN bombu ti ọkọ ofurufu
  • Akojọ awọn ijamba ati awọn iṣẹlẹ ti o kan ọkọ ofurufu ti owo
  • Akojọ ti awọn iṣẹlẹ apanilaya, 2001
  • Kẹsán 11 ku

Awọn itọkasi[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

  1. ↑ Àṣìṣe ìtọ́kasí: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named time 09-01-02
  2. ↑ Belluck, Pam Belluck; McNeil Jr, Donald G. (2001-12-25). "A NATION CHALLENGED: THE SUSPECT; Officials Remain Uncertain On Identity of Suspect on Jet". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/25/us/nation-challenged-suspect-officials-remain-uncertain-identity-suspect-jet.html. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Shoe bomb suspect to remain in custody". CNN. 25 December 2001. Archived on 4 April 2002. Error: If you specify |archivedate=, you must also specify |archiveurl=. http://www.cnn.com/2001/US/12/24/investigation.plane/.  Àṣìṣe ìtọ́kasí: Invalid <ref> tag; name "cnn 12-25-01" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ Empty citation (help) 
  5. ↑ Empty citation (help) 
  6. ↑ Sample, Ian (December 27, 2009). "PETN – hard to detect and just 100g can destroy a car". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived on September 8, 2013. Error: If you specify |archivedate=, you must also specify |archiveurl=. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/dec/27/petn-pentaerythritol-trinitrate-explosive. 
  7. ↑ Empty citation (help) 
  8. ↑ Ressa, Maria (December 6, 2003). "Sources:Reid is al Qaeda operative.". CNN. Archived on January 4, 2007. Error: If you specify |archivedate=, you must also specify |archiveurl=. http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/01/30/reid.alqaeda/. 
  9. ↑ Empty citation (help) 
  10. ↑ "Shoe removal requirement at airports to be phased out". https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/shoe-removal-requirement-at-airports-to-be-phased-out/2011/09/06/gIQAknLD7J_story.html. 
  11. ↑ "TSA: Children pose little risk, can keep shoes on during security check". https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/ct-xpm-2011-10-09-chi-tsa-children-pose-little-risk-can-keep-shoes-on-during-security-check-20111009-story.html. 
  12. ↑ Empty citation (help) 

Àdàkọ:American AirlinesÀdàkọ:War on TerrorismÀdàkọ:Aviation incidents and accidents in 2001Àdàkọ:Al-Muhajiroun

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