Áfríkà

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Áfríkà
Africa (orthographic projection).svg
Ààlà 30,221,532 km2 (11,668,598.7 sq mi)
Olùgbé 1,000,010,000[1] (2005, 2nd)
Ìṣúpọ̀ olùgbé 30.51 km2 (about 80/sq mi)
Demonym African
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè 53 (List of countries)
Dependencies
Àwọn èdè List of languages
Time Zones UTC-1 to UTC+4
Àwọn ìlú tótóbijùlọ List of cities

Áfríkà ni orile keji titobijulo ati toni awon eniyan julo lagbaye leyin Asia. Ni bi 30.2 egbegberun km² (11.7 million sq mi) lapapo mo awon erekusu to sunmo, ile re je 6% apapo gbogbo oju Aye ati 20.4% gbogbo ile Aye.[2] Pelu egbegberunkeji kan eniyan (ni 2009, e wo tabili) ni awon agbegbe 61, eyi je bi 14.72% gbogbo iye eniyan Agbaye. Ni ariwa re ni Okun Mediterraneani wa, si ariwailaorun re ni Ilaodo Suez ati Okun Pupa wa legbe Sinai Peninsula, si guusuilaorun re ni Okun India, ati si iwoorun re ni Okun Atlantiki wa. Afrika ni orile-ede 54 lapapo mo Madagascar, opolopo erekusu ati orile-ede Olominira Sahrawi Arabu Toseluaralu, to je omo egbe Isokan Afrika botilejepe Morocco lodi si eyi.

Afrika, agaga gbongan apailaorun Afrika, je gbigba lopolopo latowo awon awujo onisayensi pe ibe ni ibi ti awon eniyan ti bere ati Hominidae clade (great apes), gege bi o se han pelu iwari awon hominids pipejulo ati awon babanla won, ati awon ti won wa leyin won ti won peju bi odun legbegberun meje seyin – lapapomo Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H. habilis and H. ergaster – pelu eyi to pejulo ninu won Homo sapiens (eniyan odeoni) ti o je wiwari ni Ethiopia to je odun bi 200,000 seyin.[3]

Afrika bo ibugedemeji mole, o si ni orisirisi awon agbegbe ojuojo; o je orile kan soso to gun lati agbegbe apaariwa aloworo de apaguusu alaworo.[4]

Àwọn àkóónú

[àtúnṣe] Orisun itumo oro

Afri ni oruko awon eniyan ti won gbe ni Ariwa Afrika leba Carthage. Oruko awon wonyi je siso mo "afar" ti awon Finiki, to tumosi "eruku", sugbon ero 1981 kan[5] ti so pe o wa lati oro ede Berber ifri tabi Ifran totumosi "cave", in reference to cave dwellers.[6] Afrika tabi Ifri tabi Afer[6] ni oruko Banu Ifran lati Algeria ati Tripolitania (Eya Berber ti Yafran).[7]

Labe ijoba awon Ara Romu, Carthage di oluilu Igberiko Afrika, to tun je kikomo apa eba odo Libya oni. "-ka" ("ca") to je ilemeyin Afrika je awon Ara Romu to tokasi "orile-ede tabi ile".[8] Bakanna, ile-oba Musulumi ayeijoun Ifriqiya to wa leyin, ti a mo loni bi Tunisia, na tun lo iru oruko yi.

Awon orisun itumo miran ti won ti da laba bi orisun oruko ijoun "Afrika":

  • omo Ju olukoitan ni orundun 1st Flavius Josephus (Ant. 1.15) so pe o je sisoloruko fun Epher, omokunrin omoomo Abraham gege bi Gen. 25:4, ti awon omomo re, bo se so, pe won bori Libya.
  • oro Latin aprica ("ihan orun"; "sunny") ti Isidore of Seville menu ba ninu Etymologiae XIV.5.2.
  • oro Griiki aphrike (Αφρική), to tumosi "aini otutu." Olukoitan Leo Africanus (1488–1554) lo damoran yi, to daba oro Griiki phrike (φρίκη, to tumosi "otutu ati eru"), lapapo mo "a-", lati tumosi "ile ti ko ni otutu ati eru.
  • Massey, ni 1881, mu orisun itumo kan wa lati oro Egypti af-rui-ka, "di dori ko ojuona Ka." Ka tokasi ibiomo. Nipa eyi Afrika je fun awon Ara Egypti, "ile ibimo."[9]

[àtúnṣe] Itan

[àtúnṣe] Itan atijo

Ni ibere Igba Mesosoik, Afrika je jijapo mo awon orile Aye yioku gege bi Pangea.[10] Afrika pin awon fauna kanna ti orilegbangba yi ti o je sisori lowo awon theropods, prosauropods ati ornithischians akokolo nigbati igba Trias wa sopin.[10] Awon idokuta opin je wiwari kakiri Africa, sugbon won wopo ni guusu ju ariwa lo.[10] Ila to ya igba Triassic soto si Jurassic lo falasi ibere awon isele iparun to ni ip ni lagbaye, botilejepe strata Afrika igba yi ko ti je gbigbewo daada.[10]

Awon ipele ile igba Ibere Jurassik pinkiri lona kanna bi ti isun Late Triassic, with more common outcrops in the south and less common fossil beds which are predominated by tracks to the north.[10] As the Jurassic proceeded, larger and more iconic groups of dinosaurs like sauropods and ornithopods proliferated in Africa.[10] Middle Jurassic strata are neither well represented nor well studied in Africa.[10] Late Jurassic strata are also poorly represented apart from the spectacular Tendaguru fauna in Tanzania.[10] The Late Jurassic life of Tendaguru is very similar to that found in western North America's Morrison Formation.[10]

[àtúnṣe] Orundun 9k–18k

Afrika ki o to di ibialamusin o se e se ki o ni orisirisi orile-ede otooto to ju 10,000 lo ati asejoba[11] to ni orisirisi ilana ati agbajo oloselu. Ninu awon wonyi ni idipo ebi kekere awon asode bi awon San ni apaguusu Afrika; titobi, awon adipo adimule bi awon idipo ibatan ebi awon elede Bantu ni apaarin ati apaguusu Afrika, awon adipo ibatan adimule gidigidi ni Ibi Iwo Ori Afrika, awon ileoba Saheli titobi, ati awon ilu-orilejoba ati awon ileoba aladawa bi ti awon Yoruba ni Iwoorun Afrika, ati awon ilu oja etiodo awon Swahili ni Ilaorun Afrika.

Nigba to fi di orundun 9k SK orisirisi awon orilejoba obairanderan, ti awon orilejoba Hausa akoko wa ninu won, ti san kakiri saffana abe-sahara lati awon agbegbe apaiwoorun de ibiarin Sudan. Awon to lagbarajulo larin awon orilejoba wonyi ni Ghana, Gao, ati Kanem-Bornu Empire. Agbara Ghana dinku ni orundun 11k sugbon Ileobaluaye Mali ropo re, eyi lo si di opo gbogbo apaiwoorun Afrika mu ni orundun 13k. Kanem gba esin Imale ni orundun 11k. Be sini ni awon agbegbe igbo etiodo Iwoorun Afrika, awon ileoba alominira jadide laini ipa kankan latodo ariwa Musulumi.


Ashanti yam ceremony, 19th century by Thomas E. Bowdich

Ife, to je akoko larin awon ilu-orilejoba tabi ileoba Yoruba, sedasile ijoba labe oba, ton unje Ooni. Ife je ibi pataki esin ati asa ni Afrika, ati fun asa ibile ere gbigbe. Iru ifijuwe ijoba Ile-Ife je gbigbamulo ni Oyo, nibiti awon oba, ti won unje Alaafin ti figba kan joba lori opo iye iluorilejoba ati ileoba Yoruba miran ati ti awon ti won ko je Yoruba, Ileoba Dahomey awon Fon je ibi ti won ko so ede Yoruba labe ijoba Oyo.


Awon Almoraffidi, je obairanderan Beriberi lati Sahara ti won fon kiri ariwaapaiwoorun Afrika ati peninsula Iberian nigba orundun 11k.[12] Banu Hilal ati Banu Ma'qil je akopo aon eya Arab Bedouin lati Arabian peninsula ti on kolo si iwoorun lati Egypt larin orundun 11k ati 13k. Ikoreokere fa idapo awon Arabu ati Beriberi, nibi ti awon ara ile ti di Arabu,[13] be sini asa Arabu gba apilese asa ibile ibe, labe isokan Islam.[14]

[àtúnṣe] Awon agbegbe

Àyọkà orí ọ̀rọ̀: Regions of Africa àti List of African countries and territories

The countries in this table are categorised according to the scheme for geographic subregions used by the United Nations, and data included are per sources in cross-referenced articles. Where they differ, provisos are clearly indicated.

Regions of Africa:      Northern Africa      Western Africa      Middle Africa      Eastern Africa      Southern Africa
 
 
Physical map of Africa
Satellite photo of Africa
Political map of Africa
Name of region[15] and
territory, with flag		 Area
(km²)		 Population
(2009 est) except where noted		 Density
(per km²)		 Capital
Eastern Africa: 6,384,904 316,053,651 49.5
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Burundi Burundi 27,830 8,988,091[16] 322.9 Bujumbura
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Comoros Comoros 2,170 752,438[16] 346.7 Moroni
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Djibouti Djibouti 23,000 516,055[16] 22.4 Djibouti
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Eritrea Eritrea 121,320 5,647,168[16] 46.5 Asmara
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Ethiopia Ethiopia 1,127,127 85,237,338[16] 75.6 Addis Ababa
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Kenya Kenya 582,650 39,002,772[16] 66.0 Nairobi
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Madagascar Madagascar 587,040 20,653,556[16] 35.1 Antananarivo
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Malawi Malawi 118,480 14,268,711[16] 120.4 Lilongwe
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Mauritius Mauritius 2,040 1,284,264[16] 629.5 Port Louis
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Mayotte Mayotte (France) 374 223,765[16] 489.7 Mamoudzou
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Mozambique Mozambique 801,590 21,669,278[16] 27.0 Maputo
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Réunion Réunion (France) 2,512 743,981(2002) 296.2 Saint-Denis
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Rwanda Rwanda 26,338 10,473,282[16] 397.6 Kigali
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Seychelles Seychelles 455 87,476[16] 192.2 Victoria
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Somalia Somalia 637,657 9,832,017[16] 15.4 Mogadishu
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Tanzania Tanzania 945,087 41,048,532[16] 43.3 Dodoma
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Uganda Uganda 236,040 32,369,558[16] 137.1 Kampala
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Zambia Zambia 752,614 11,862,740[16] 15.7 Lusaka
Middle Africa: 6,613,253 121,585,754 18.4
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Angola Angola 1,246,700 12,799,293[16] 10.3 Luanda
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Cameroon Cameroon 475,440 18,879,301[16] 39.7 Yaoundé
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Àrin Áfríkà Central African Republic 622,984 4,511,488[16] 7.2 Bangui
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Chad Chad 1,284,000 10,329,208[16] 8.0 N'Djamena
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Republic of the Congo Congo 342,000 4,012,809[16] 11.7 Brazzaville
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,345,410 68,692,542[16] 29.2 Kinshasa
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea 28,051 633,441[16] 22.6 Malabo
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Gabon Gabon 267,667 1,514,993[16] 5.6 Libreville
Àsìá ilẹ̀ São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe 1,001 212,679[16] 212.4 São Tomé
Northern Africa: 8,533,021 211,087,622 24.7
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Algeria Algeria 2,381,740 34,178,188[16] 14.3 Algiers
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Egypt Egypt[17] 1,001,450 83,082,869[16] total, Asia 1.4m 82.9 Cairo
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Libya Libya 1,759,540 6,310,434[16] 3.6 Tripoli
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Morocco Morocco 446,550 34,859,364[16] 78.0 Rabat
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Sudan Sudan 2,505,810 41,087,825[16] 16.4 Khartoum
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Tunisia Tunisia 163,610 10,486,339[16] 64.1 Tunis
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Western Sahara Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic[18] 266,000 405,210[16] 1.5 El Aaiún
Spanish and Portuguese territories in Northern Africa:
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Canary Islands Canary Islands (Spain)[19] 7,492 1,694,477(2001) 226.2 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,
Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Ceuta Ceuta (Spain)[20] 20 71,505(2001) 3,575.2 —
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Madeira Madeira Islands (Portugal)[21] 797 245,000(2001) 307.4 Funchal
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Melilla Melilla (Spain)[22] 12 66,411(2001) 5,534.2 —
Southern Africa: 2,693,418 56,406,762 20.9
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Bòtswánà Botswana 600,370 1,990,876[16] 3.3 Gaborone
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Lesotho Lesotho 30,355 2,130,819[16] 70.2 Maseru
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Zimbabwe Zimbabwe 390,580 11,392,629[16] 29.1 Harare
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Namibia Namibia 825,418 2,108,665[16] 2.6 Windhoek
Àsìá ilẹ̀ South Africa South Africa 1,219,912 49,052,489[16] 40.2 Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Pretoria[23]
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Swaziland Swaziland 17,363 1,123,913[16] 64.7 Mbabane
Western Africa: 6,144,013 296,186,492 48.2
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Benin Benin 112,620 8,791,832[16] 78.0 Porto-Novo
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Burkina Faso Burkina Faso 274,200 15,746,232[16] 57.4 Ouagadougou
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Cape Verde Cape Verde 4,033 429,474[16] 107.3 Praia
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Côte d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire 322,460 20,617,068[16] 63.9 Abidjan,[24] Yamoussoukro
Àsìá ilẹ̀ The Gambia Gambia 11,300 1,782,893[16] 157.7 Banjul
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Ghana Ghana 239,460 23,832,495[16] 99.5 Accra
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Guinea Guinea 245,857 10,057,975[16] 40.9 Conakry
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau 36,120 1,533,964[16] 42.5 Bissau
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Liberia Liberia 111,370 3,441,790[16] 30.9 Monrovia
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Mali Mali 1,240,000 12,666,987[16] 10.2 Bamako
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Mauritania Mauritania 1,030,700 3,129,486[16] 3.0 Nouakchott
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Niger Niger 1,267,000 15,306,252[16] 12.1 Niamey
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà Nigeria 923,768 149,229,090[16] 161.5 Abuja
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (UK) 410 7,637[16] 14.4 Jamestown
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Senegal Senegal 196,190 13,711,597[16] 69.9 Dakar
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Sierra Leone Sierra Leone 71,740 6,440,053[16] 89.9 Freetown
Àsìá ilẹ̀ Togo Togo 56,785 6,019,877[16] 106.0 Lomé
Africa Total 30,368,609 1,001,320,281 33.0



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[àtúnṣe] Itokasi

  1. ↑ "World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision" United Nations (Department of Economic and Social Affairs, population division)
  2. ↑ Sayre, April Pulley. (1999) Africa, Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 0-7613-1367-2.
  3. ↑ "Homo sapiens: University of Utah News Release: Feb. 16, 2005". http://web.utah.edu/unews/releases/05/feb/homosapiens.html. 
  4. ↑ Visual Geography. "Africa. General info". http://www.visualgeography.com/continents/africa.html. Retrieved 2007-11-24. 
  5. ↑ Names of countries, Decret and Fantar, 1981
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 The Berbers, by Geo. Babington Michell, p 161, 1903, Journal of Royal African people book on ligne
  7. ↑ Itineraria Phoenicia, Edward Lipinski, Peeters Publishers, p200, 2004, ISBN 90-429-1344-4 Book on ligne
  8. ↑ "Consultos.com etymology". http://www.consultsos.com/pandora/africa.htm. 
  9. ↑ 'Nile Genesis: the opus of Gerald Massey'
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 Jacobs, Louis L. (1997). "African Dinosaurs." Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs. Edited by Phillip J. Currie and Kevin Padian. Academic Press. pp. 2–4.
  11. ↑ Meredith, Martin (January 20, 2006). "The Fate of Africa – A Survey of Fifty Years of Independence". washingtonpost.com. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2006/01/11/DI2006011101372.html. Retrieved 2007-07-23. 
  12. ↑ Glick, Thomas F. Islamic And Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages. (2005) Brill Academic Publishers page 37
  13. ↑ "Mauritania – Arab invasions". Library of Congress Country Studies.
  14. ↑ Genetic Evidence for the Expansion of Arabian Tribes into the Southern Levant and North Africa
  15. ↑ Continental regions as per UN categorisations/map.
  16. ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 16.11 16.12 16.13 16.14 16.15 16.16 16.17 16.18 16.19 16.20 16.21 16.22 16.23 16.24 16.25 16.26 16.27 16.28 16.29 16.30 16.31 16.32 16.33 16.34 16.35 16.36 16.37 16.38 16.39 16.40 16.41 16.42 16.43 16.44 16.45 16.46 16.47 16.48 16.49 16.50 16.51 16.52 16.53 16.54 16.55 USCensusBureau:Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2009
  17. ↑ Egypt is generally considered a transcontinental country in Northern Africa (UN region) and Western Asia; population and area figures are for African portion only, west of the Suez Canal.
  18. ↑ The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is recognized as a sovereign state by the African Union, however, Morocco claims the entirety of the country as Morocco's own Southern Provinces, and has occupied most of its territory since it declared its independence from Spain in 1976. Morrocco's occupation and annexation of this territory has not been recognized internationally.
  19. ↑ The Spanish Canary Islands, of which Las Palmas de Gran Canaria are Santa Cruz de Tenerife are co-capitals, are often considered part of Northern Africa due to their relative proximity to Morocco and Western Sahara; population and area figures are for 2001.
  20. ↑ The Spanish exclave of Ceuta is surrounded on land by Morocco in Northern Africa; population and area figures are for 2001.
  21. ↑ The Portuguese Madeira Islands are often considered part of Northern Africa due to their relative proximity to Morocco; population and area figures are for 2001.
  22. ↑ The Spanish exclave of Melilla is surrounded on land by Morocco in Northern Africa; population and area figures are for 2001.
  23. ↑ Bloemfontein is the judicial capital of South Africa, while Cape Town is its legislative seat, and Pretoria is the country's administrative seat.
  24. ↑ Yamoussoukro is the official capital of Côte d'Ivoire, while Abidjan is the de facto seat.

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