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Júpítérì

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Júpítérì  ♃
A composite Cassini image of Jupiter. The dark spot is the shadow of Europa.
Ìfúnlọ́rúkọ
Ìpolongo Gbígbọ́i /ˈdʒuːpɪtər/[1]
Alápèjúwe Jovian
Àsìkò J2000
Aphelion816,520,800 km (5.458104 AU)
Perihelion 740,573,600 km (4.950429 AU)
Semi-major axis 778,547,200 km (5.204267 AU)
Eccentricity 0.048775
Àsìkò ìgbàyípo Ọjọ́ 4,331.572
Ọdún 11.85920
10,475.8 Jupiter solar days[4]
Synodic period 398.88 days[5]
Average orbital speed 13.07 km/s[5]
Mean anomaly 18.818°
Inclination 1.305° to Ecliptic
6.09° to Sun's equator
0.32° to Invariable plane[6]
Longitude of ascending node 100.492°
Argument of perihelion 275.066°
Satellites 63
Àwọn ìhùwà àdánidá
Ìfẹ̀kiri alágedeméjì 71,492 ± 4 km[7][8]
11.209 Earths
Ìfẹ̀kiri olóòpó 66,854 ± 10 km[7][8]
10.517 Earths
Flattening 0.06487 ± 0.00015
Ààlà ojúde 6.21796×1010 km²[8][9]
121.9 Earths
Ìpọ̀sí 1.43128×1015 km³[5][8]
1321.3 Earths
Àkójọ 1.8986×1027 kg[5]
317.8 Earths
1/1047 Sun[10]
Iyeìdáméjì ìṣùpọ̀ 1.326 g/cm³[5][8]
Equatorial surface gravity24.79 m/s²[5][8]
2.528 g
Escape velocity59.5 km/s[5][8]
Sidereal rotation
period		 9.925 h[11] (9 h 55 m 30 s)
Equatorial rotation velocity 12.6 km/s
45,300 km/h
Axial tilt 3.13°[5]
North pole right ascension 268.057°
17 h 52 min 14 s[7]
North pole declination 64.496°[7]
Albedo0.343 (Bond)
0.52 (geom.)[5]
Ìgbónásí ojúde
   1 bar level
   0.1 bar
minmeanmax
165 K[5]
112 K[5]
Apparent magnitude -1.6 to -2.94[5]
Angular diameter 29.8" — 50.1"[5]
Afẹ́fẹ́àyíká[5]
Ìfúnpá ojúde 20–200 kPa[12] (cloud layer)
Ìga òṣùwọ̀n 27 km
Ìkósínú
89.8±2.0%Hydrogen (H2)
10.2±2.0%Helium
~0.3%Methane
~0.026%Ammonia
~0.003%Hydrogen deuteride (HD)
0.0006%Ethane
0.0004%water
Ices:
Ammonia
water
ammonium hydrosulfide(NH4SH)

Júpítérì ni pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì karùn-ún láti ọ̀dọ̀ Òòrùn àti pílánẹ́ẹ̀tì tó tóbi jùlọ nínú ètò òòrùn.[13] O je omiran efuufu kan pelu isupo kan to fi die din ju ikan-ninu-idaegberun ti Orun lo sugbon isupo lona meji ati abo gbogbo awon planeti yioku ninu Sistemu Orun wa lapapo. Júpítérì je kikosoto bi omiran efuufu kan pelu Satu, Uranu ati Neptu. Lakopo, awon planeti merin yi je pipe nigba miran bi planeti Jofia.

Awon astronomer ayeijoun mo Júpítérì, be sini o je gbigbo ninu esin ati asa awon eniyan igba na. Awon ara Romu soloruko fun osa Romu to unje Júpítérì.[14] Ni wiwo lati Aye, Júpítérì le de itobi ihan −2.94, eyi so di ohun tomolejulo keta ni ojusanmo ale leyin Osupa ati Aguala. (Marsi le mole bi Júpítérì fun igba soki ni awon ojuami pato kan ni ojuiyipo re.)

Júpítérì lati bere je haidrojin pelu ikan-ninu-idamerin isupo to je helium; o si tun se e se ko ni inu alapata awon apilese wiwuwo. Nitoripe o un yipo kiakia, iwoiri Júpítérì je bi obiriki afelegbe (o wu die sita ni agedemeji re). Ojuorun ode re je yiyasoto si orisirisi egbe ni ila-idubule otooto, to un fa iji ati rudurudu legbe awon bode to unkanra won. Esi eyi ni Great Red Spot, iji omiran kan to ti je mimo lati orundun 17k nigbati o koko je riri pelu teleskopu. To yika planeti yi ni sistemu oruka planeti ati ayikagberigberin alagbara. Be si tun ni o ni awon osupa 63, ninu won ni awon osupa gbangba merin ti won unje awon osupa Galilie ti won koko je wiwari latowo Galileo Galilei ni 1610. Ganymede, eyi totobijulo ninu awon osupa yi ni diamita totobiju planet Mercury lo.

Júpítérì ti je wiwakiri ninu lopolopo igba pelu oko-ofurufu roboti, agaga nigba awon iranlose ifokoja Pioneer ati Voyager ati leyin won pelu Galileo orbiter. Oko iwadi to pese lo si Júpítérì ni oko-ofurufu to unlo si Pluto, New Horizons ni opin February 2007. Oko iwadi yi lo iwolura lati odo Júpítérì lati fun ni isare pupo. Awon iwakiri ojowaju ninu sistemu Jofia ni wiwa omi ti tinyin bo mole ninu osupa Europa.

Ìdiramú

[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

Júpítérì je kiki elo elefuufu ati olomi. Ohun ni o tobijulo larin awon omiran efuufu mererin ati bakanna planeti totobijulo ninu sistemu orun pelu diamita 142,984 km ni agedemeji re. Ikisi Júpítérì, 1.326 g/cm³, ni ekeji to gajulo larin awon planeti omiran efuufu. Sugbon, ikisi re kereju ti awon planeti onile mererin lo.

Ìkósínú

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Oke ojuorun Júpítérì je bii 88–92% haidrojin ati 8–12% helium gegebi inuogorun itobi tabi ida awon igbonwo efuufu (see table to the right). Nitoripe atomu helium kan ni bi isupo lona merin ti atomu hydrogen kan, ajoropo yato nigbati a ba wo bi ipin isupo ti atomu kookan mu wa. Nitorie ojuorun je bi 75% haidrojin ati 24% helium gegebi isupo, pelu bi ikan ninuogorun yioku isupo je awon apilese yioku. Inu re loun ni awon eroja kiki bi be to je pe ipin je 71% hydrogen, 24% helium ati 5% awon apilese yioku bi isupo. Ojuorun re ni iye tasere metani, oru omi, ammonia, ati awon adapo ti won ni silicon. Bakanna awon iye tasere carbon, ethane, haidrojin onisulfur, neon, oxygen, phosphine, ati sulfur. Ipele to bo sode julo ojuorun re ni awon crystal ammonia gigan.[15][16] Through infrared and ultraviolet measurements, trace amounts of benzene and other hydrocarbons have also been found.[17]

Iyeipin haidrojin ati helium ojuorun sunmo daada mo ajokopo elero primordial nebula orun. Sibesibe, neon to wa ni oke ojuorun je ida 20 ninu egbegberun (parts per million) gegebi isupo, to je bi ikan ninu idamera bo se po to ninu Orun.[18] Helium is also depleted, although only to about 80% of the Sun's helium composition. This depletion may be a result of precipitation of these elements into the interior of the planet.[19] Ijantirere awon efuufu alaigera towuwoju ninu ojuorun Júpítérì je bi emeji mo emeta ti Orun.

Nipile lori iwo ipele awo, Satu je lilero pe o je bakanna ni ajokopo mo Júpítérì, sugbon awon efuufu omiran Uranu ati Neptu ni haidrojin ati helium didinku lafiwe.[20] Sugbon, nitori ailewole awon oko iwadi si ojuorun awon planeti ti won jinna ju Júpítérì lo, ko si awon nomba pato to daju fun ijantirere awon apilese towuwoju fun awon planeti wonyi.

Àkójọ

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Approximate size comparison of Earth and Jupiter, including the Great Red Spot

Júpítérì je lona 2.5 isupo apapo gbogbo awon planeti yioku ninu Sistemu Orun—eyi supo to be to fi je pe arin iwuwo re pelu Orun wa loke ojude Orun ni 1.068 itande orun lati inu arin Orun. Botilejepe planeti yi tobi ju Aye lo pelu diamita lona 11 ti Aye, kikisi re din ju ti Aye lo daada. Itobinu Júpítérì je adogba mo 1,321 ti Aye, sibesibe planeti na supo lona 318 lasan ju Aye lo.[5][21] Jupiter has a radius equal to 0.10 times the radius of the Sun,[22] and has a mass of 0.001 times the mass of the Sun, making them approximately equal in density.[23] Eyo iwon "isupo Júpítérì" kan (MJ or MJup) lo unsaba je lilo lati juwe isupo awon ohun miran, agaga awon planeti odeorun ati awon brown dwarfs. Bi be, fun apere, planet odeorun HD 209458 b ni isupo 0.69 MJ, nigbati COROT-7b ni isupo 0.015 MJ.[24]

Awon afijuwe elero fihan pe to ba je pe Júpítérì ni iye isupo to poju iye to ni bayi lo, planeti na yio funpomora. Nitoripe fun iyato die ni isupo, itande ko ni fi be yato, ati pe ni bi isupo Júpítérì merin soke inu re yio je jijofunpo gidigidi labe agbara irelura ti yio posi to fi je pe itobinu planeti na yio "dinku" botilejepe iye elo ti po si. Nitorie, Jupiter je lilero pe o ni diamita totobi fun iru ajokopo planeti na ati ti itan iyojade le se. Imuse ifunpo siwaju pelu iposi isupo yio tesiwaju titi ti igbanaje irawo to se e ri yio fi sele bo se wa ninu awon brown dwarf onisupo niunla pelu isupo Júpítérì 50.[25] eyi lo fa ti awon atorawo kan se unpe ni "irawo akuna" (failed star)[citation needed], botilejepe ko daju boya awon ona imuse to unfa ida awon planeti bi Júpítérì je ikanna bi ti awon ona imuse ida opolopo awon sistemu irawo.

Botilejepe Júpítérì yio fe lati je lona 75 isupo yi ko to le sedadipo haidrojin lati di irawo, arara pupa kikerejulo je bi 30 ninuogorun lasan ni titobijulo itande ju Júpítérì lo.[26][27] Sibesibe, Júpítérì si un setanjade oru/igbona ju iye to ungba latodo Orun lo. Iye oru to un wa lati inu planeti na fe tto dogba mo apapo itanjade orun to un gba.[28] Itanjade oru yioku yi un wa pelu iseise Kevin-Hemholtz nipa irunpo alailekoja. Ona imuse yi unfa ki planeti na o funpo bi 2 cm lodoodun.[29] Nigba to koko je dida, Júpítérì gbona ju bayi lo, o si ni diamita to po lona meji ju bayi lo.[30]

Ìdiramú inú

[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
This cut-away illustrates a model of the interior of Jupiter, with a rocky core overlaid by a deep layer of metallic hydrogen.

Júpítérì je lilero pe o ni inu kiki pelu adalu awon apilese, ipele ayipoka liquid haidrojin onide olomi pelu helium melo kan, ati ipele ode to kun fun haidrojin igbonwo.[29] Leyin outline die yi, iyoku ko daju. Inu re unsaba je jijuwe bi alapata, sugbon ekunrere akojopo re je aimo, be na lo ri fun awon ini eroja to wa ni awon igbonasi ati itemo awon ibu/ijin na (e wo isale). Ni 1997, iwon irelura lo fi dalaba pe o ni inu,[29] lati safihan isupo lona lati 12 de 45 ti isupo Aye tabi bi 3%–15% gbogbo isupo Júpítérì.[28][31]

Pe inuarin wa nigba kan ninu itan Júpítérì je didalaba pelu awon afijuwe iseda planeti to so pe inuarin alapata tan yinyin koko wa to supo to be to lati kojo opo haidrojin ati helium re latodo nebula orunakoko. Ti a ba gba pe o wa, o le ti funpo bi iwo igbona sita haidrojin onide olomi gbigbona ba se un dalu mo inuarin yiyo to si gbe awon akoonu re lo si ibi giga ninu planeti na. Inuarin le mo si rara bayi nitoripe awon iwon irelura ko daju to lati fihan pe ko je be rararara.[29][32]

Aidaju afijuwe na je nitori iye ipoto asise ninu awon paramita wiwon: ikan ninu awon afisodipupo alayirapo (J6) to je lilo lati fi juwe igba irelura planeti na, atanka alagedemeji Júpítérì, ati igbonasi re ni itemo 1 bar. Ireti ni pe iranlose JUNO, ti yio gbera ni 2011, yio se idikun awon asise awon paramita wonyi, lati mulosiwaju wa si isoro inuarin.[33]

Agbegbe inuarin je yiyika pelu haidrojin onide kiki, to fe sode de bi 78 ninuogorun atanka planeti na.[28] Helium kikan bi ojo ati neon unro sile latinu ipele yi, lati mu idinku ijantirere awon apilese wonyi wa ninu oke ojuorun.[19][34]

Loke ipele haidrojin onide na ni ayika inu alaridenuwo ti haidrojin. Ninu ijin yi, igbonasi po ju igbonasi elewu lo, fun haidrojin to je 33 K lasan[35] (e wo haidrojin).Ni ipo yi, ko si iyato isaye olomi ati elefuufu - haidrojin je sisope o wa ni ipo asan supercritical. Sibesibe, o rorun lati wo haidrojin bi efuufu ni ipele oke to unfe si sale lati isu ipele de ijin to to 1,000 km,[28] ati bi olomi ni awon ipele jijinju. Logidi, ko si bode kedere kankan - efuufu di gbigbona ati kiki bo se unwale felefele.[36][37]

Igbonasi ati itemo ninu Júpítérì unposi titi de inuarin. Ni agbegbe phase transition nibi ti haidrojin-to je gbigbegbona koja ojuami ewu—di onide, o je gbigbagbo pe igbonasi je 10,000 K be e sini itemo je 200 GPa. Igbonasi ni bode inuarin je jijeye pe o je 36,000 K beesini itemo inu je bi 3,000–4,500 GPa.[28]

Afẹ́fẹ́àyíká

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Àyọkà olórí: Atmosphere of Jupiter

Júpítérì lo ni afefeayika planeti totobijulo ninu Sistemu Orun, o gun to 5000 km.[38][39] Nitoripe Júpítérì ko ni ojude, ipile afefeayika re je gbigba bi ojuami ibi ti itemo afefeayika ti dogba mo 10 bars, tabi ona mewa itemo lori Aye.[38]

Awon ipele isujo

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This looping animation shows the movement of Jupiter's counter-rotating cloud bands. In this image, the planet's exterior is mapped onto a cylindrical projection. Animation at larger widths: 720 pixels, 1799 pixels.

Júpítérì nigbogbo igba je bibomole pelu awon isujo crystal ammonia ati o si se e se pelu ammonium onisulfurhaidrojin. Awon isujo na budo si idaduro-oloru won si je tito si bandi ibiojugbolojo, to unje agbegbe oloru. Awon wonyi si tun je pipin si ibiamure mimole die ati belti diduru die. Ibasepo awon iru iyilopo otooto unfa iji ati isoro. Iyara iji 100 m/s (360 km/h) wopo ni ibiamure ifon.[40] Akiyesi fihan pe awon ibiamure wonyi yato ni fifesi, awo ati ponpon lati odun de odun, sugbon won ti duro kankan to be to fun awon atorawo lati fun won ni oruko idamo.[21]

Ipele isujo je bi 50 km ni jijin lasan, be sini o ni o ni iruipele meji: iruipele kiki labe ati agbegbe tinrin hihan die. O si tun se e se ki ipele tinrin isujoomi kan o wa labe ipele ammonia, bo se han pelu isana monamona ti won je gbigbamu ninu afefeojuorun Júpítérì. (Omi je igbonwo olopo kan to le gbe idira kan, bi be o le se iyato idira to ye lati se monamona.)[28] Awon ijuwo idira onina yi le lagbara lona egberun ju monamona Aye lo.[41] Awon isujo omi le da ijiara ti igbona lati inu ungbe kiri.[42]

Awo osan ati brown inu isujo Júpítérì wa lati iwusoke awon adapo ti won unyi awo won pada nigbati won ba dojuko imole ultraviolet lati odo Orun. ohun to wa ninu awon adapo wonyi ko daju, botilejepe fosforu, sulfur tabi boya haidrokarbon ni won je gbigbagbo pe won je.[28][43] Awon adapo alawo yi, ti won unje kromofori, undalu po mo awon isujo liloworo iruipele isale. Awon ibiamure je dida nigbati awon ahamo igbonalatinu ti won unbu soke ba da ammonia crystallizing ti won bo awon isujo isale wonyi .[44]

Iteju ipo rirele Júpítérì tumosi pe awon oriopo ungba itankale orun didin nigbogbo igba ju agbegbe alagedemeji planeti na lo. Sugbon igbonalatinu ninu planeti na ungbe okun pupo lo si awon oriopo, eyi un unmu idogba ba awon igbonasi ti won wa ni ipele isujo.[21]

Oju Pupa Ninla ati awon vortices miran

[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
This dramatic view of Jupiter's Great Red Spot and its surroundings was obtained by Voyager 1 on February 25, 1979, when the spacecraft was 9.2 million km (5.7 million mi) from Jupiter. Cloud details as small as 160 km (100 mi) across can be seen here. The colorful, wavy cloud pattern to the left of the Red Spot is a region of extraordinarily complex and variable wave motion. To give a sense of Jupiter's scale, the white oval storm directly below the Great Red Spot is approximately the same diameter as Earth.

Ini to gbajumojulo ti Júpítérì ni ni Oju Pupa Ninla, iji olodi-ijiyipo to unsele nigbogbo igba to budo si 22° ariwa agedemeji to tobiju Aye lo. O ti je mimo pe o kere ju o wa lati 1831,[45] o se e se ko je lati 1665.[46] Awon afijuwe onimathimatiki da laba pe iji na je lekanlekan ati pe o se e se ko je ini planeti na to wa ni gbogbo igba.[47] Iji yi tobi to be to fun awon telikopu ni Aye ti won ni aperture of 12 cm tabi titobijubelo le fi seewo.[48]

Iji yi to ri bi oval unyipo lonaodiago, pelu akoko bi ojo mefa.[49] Awon The Great Red Spot's egbegbe Oju Pupa Ninla je 24–40,000 km × 12–14,000 km. O tobi to lati gba planeti meji tabi meta to ni diamita Aye.[50] Ojuibigiga pipojulo iji yi je bi 8 km loke ayika awon ori isujo.[51]

Awon iru iji bayi wopo ninu afefeojuorun onisoro awon efuufu omiran. Bakanna Júpítérì tun ni awon oval funfun ati brown ovals, ti won kere ti won ko ni oruko. Awon oval funfun ni isupo bibale lafiwe ni afefeojuorun oke. awon Brown ovals je liloworo won si wa ninu ipele isujo deede. Awon iru iji bayi le to fun wakati die tabi sele to opo odunrun.

Time-lapse sequence from the approach of Voyager I to Jupiter, showing the motion of atmospheric bands, and circulation of the Great Red Spot. Full size video here

Ko to di pe Voyager fihan pe ini na je iji, eri wa pe oju na ko se e sabase pelu ini jijin kankan lojude planeti na, nitoripe Oju na nyipo ni otooto lafiwe mo afefeojuorun yioku, nigba miran ni kiakia ati nigba miran ni diedie. Nigba itan akoole re o ti rinajo lopo igba yipo planeti na lafiwe si aseami ayipo gbaingbanin labe re yiowu to ba wa.

Ni 2000, ini afefeojuorun kan je dida nibi idajiojuorun apaariwa to jo Oju Pupa Ninla, sugbon to kerejulo. Eyi je dida nigbati awon iji bi oval funfun kekere darapo lati da ini kan soso—awon oval fufun kekere meta yi koko je siseakiyesi ni 1938. Oruko ini todarapo ni Oval BA, o si ni oruko alaje Oju Pupo Kekere. Latigbana o ti posi ni kikankikan o si ti yi awo re si pupa lati funfun.[52][53][54]

Awon oruka planeti

[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
The rings of Jupiter.
Àyọkà olórí: Rings of Jupiter

Júpítérì ni sistemu faint oruka planeti die to ni igesoto meta: an inner toru awon inu particles ti won unje halo, oruka to mole lafiwe, ati oruka gossamer ode.[55] Awon oruka yi da bi pe won je eruku, laije yinyin bi ti awon oruka Saturn.[28] Oruka agba se e se ko je sise lati owo awon eroja to ta kuro lodo awon ajaeyin Adrastea ati Metis. Eroja to je pe yio bo pada sinu osupa na je fifa sinu Júpítérì nitori agbara irelura to ni. Ojuonaiyipo eroja te lo sodo Júpítérì be sini eroja tuntun unje fifikun pelu ifaragbara miran.[56] Lona kanna ni awon osupa Thebe ati Amalthea da iru ohun inu meji ti oruka gossamer.[56] Eri tu wa fun oruka alapata to sopo mo eti ojuonaiyipo Amalthea to se e se ko je idoti ifaragbara osupa na.[57]

Ìgbéringbérinàyíká

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Àyọkà olórí: Magnetosphere of Jupiter
Aurora on Jupiter. Three bright dots are created by magnetic flux tubes that connect to the Jovian moons Io (on the left), Ganymede (on the bottom) and Europa (also on the bottom). In addition, the very bright almost circular region, called the main oval, and the fainter polar aurora can be seen.

Jupiter's broad Papa igberin Júpítérì gbagada ni agbara lona 14 ju ti Aye lo, lati 4.2 gauss (0.42 mT) ni agedemeji de 10–14 gauss (1.0–1.4 mT) ni awon oriopo, eyi so di eyi tolagbara julo ninu Sistemu Orun (ayafi awon ojuorun).[44] Papa yi je gbigbagbo pe ounwa latodo awon iwo eddy—irelo lilo awon eroja conducting materials—larin inu haidrojin onide. Awon ileru ni osupa Io unfon iye gbangba sulfur oloksijinmeji lati da toru efuufu kan leti ojuonaiyipo osupa na. Efuufu na je sisodi ioni ninu igberinojuorun lati da awon ioni sulfur ati oxygen. Awon wonyi, lapapo mo awon ioni haidrojin to unwa latodo afefeojuorun Júpítérì, da form a plasma sheet ninu pete alagedemeji Júpítérì. Plasma na ninu sheet unjoyipo pelu planeti na lati fa ibajeida papa igberin oriopomeji si aboigberin (magnetodisk). Awon elektroni inu plasma sheet unfa ami radio alagbara toun fa ibu larin 0.6–30 MHz.[58]

Lati bi 75 itanka Júpítérì lati odo planeti na, ibasepo igberinojuorun na mo iji orun unfa bow shock. Eyi to yi igberinojuorun Júpítérì ka je a magnetopause, to budo si eti inu magnetosheath—agbegbe larin re ati bow shock. Iji orun unsebasepo mo awon agbegbe yi, lati fa igberinojuorun na ni lee side Júpítérì to si unfa sita titi to fi fe de ojuonaiyipo Saturn. Awon osupa Júpítérì merin titobijulo ni gbogbo won yipolojuona to wa ninu igberinojuorun Júpítérì, eyi unda ao bo won lowo iji orun.[28]

Igberinojuorun Júpítérì lounfa itujade kikan radio lati awon agbegbe oriopo planeti na. Isele ileru inu osupa Jofia Io (e wo isale) untu efuufu sinu igberinojuorun Júpítérì, lati fa torus of particles kakiri planeti na. Bi Io se unrelo ninu toru yi, ibasepo na unfa iru Alfvén to ungbe elo to ti di ioni sinu awon agbegbe oriopo Júpítérì. Nipa bayit, awon iru radio unje fifa wa pelu cyclotron maser mechanism, okun re si unje gbigberinna (transmitted) sita legbe ojude to ri bi aro. Nigbati Aye ba rekoja aro yi awon itujade radio latodo Júpítérì le ju itujade radio orun lo.[59]

Ìgbàyípa ati iyirapo

[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]

Júpítérì nikan soso ni planeti to ni arin isupo pelu Orun to dubule si ode itobisinu Orun, botilejepe eyi je 7% lasa itanka Orun.[60] Nomba-arin ijinna larin Júpítérì ati Orun je 778 million km (bi ona 5.2 nomba-arin ijinna lati Aye de Orun, tabi 5.2 AU) o si unpari ojuonaiyipo kan ni odun 11.86. Eyi je meji-ninu-idamarun akoko ojuonaiyipo Saturn, lati da 5:2 orbital resonance larin awon planeti meji titobijulo yi ninu Sistemu Orun.[61] ojuonaiyipo awodie (elliptical orbit) Júpítérì je te ni 1.31° lafiwe mo Aye. Nitori eccentricity 0.048, ijinna lati Júpítérì ati Orun yato bi 75 million km larin perihelion ati aphelion, tabi ojuami ijinna tosunmojulo ati tojinnajulo planeti na leba ipase ojuonaiyipo ni titelentele.

Ojuite ipo Júpítérì kere lafiwe: 3.13° lasan. Nitorie planeti yi ko ni iyipada igba tosekoko, lodi si Aye ati Mars fun apere.[62]

Iyirapo Júpítérì ni o yarajulo ninu gbogbo awon planeti inu Sistemu Orun, ounpari iyirapo kan lori ipo re larin wakati mewa odin die; eyi da iwu alagedemeji to se e fojuri pelu teliskopu lati Aye laisisoro. Iyirapo yi unfe centripetal acceleration ni alagedemeji bi 1.67 m/s², lafiwe mo irelura ojude alagedemeji 24.79 m/s²; bi be net acceleration iseku to wa ni ojude alagedemeji je bi 23.12 m/s² lasan. Planeti na ri bi obiriki oblate, to tumosi pe diameter ni agedemeji re gunju diamita larin awon oriopo re lo. Lori Júpítérì, diamita alagedemeji je 9275 km nigigun ju diamita arin awon oriopo re lo.[37]

Nitoripe Júpítérì ki i se agbarajo lilekoko, afefeojuorun oke re ni iyirapo olotooto. Iyirapo afefeojuorun oriopo Júpítérì je bi iseju 5 poju ti afefeojuorun alagedemeji; awon sistemu meta lounje lilo gege bi itokasi, agaga nigbati a ba unyaworan iwon irelo awon ini afefeojuorun. System I je lati awon ojuibigbooro 10° A de 10° G; akoko re ni eyi tokerejulo ti planeti, ni 9h 50m 30.0s. System II lati gbogbo awon ojuibigbooro ni ariwa ati guusu awon wonyi; akoko re je 9h 55m 40.6s. System III koko je titumo latowo awon atorawo radio, o si baramu mo iyirapo igberinojuorun planeti na; akoko re ni iyirapo onibise Júpítérì.[63]




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  1. ↑ Jupiter, entry in the Oxford English Dictionary, prepared by J. A. Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner, vol. 8, second edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989. ISBN 0-19-861220-6 (vol. 8), ISBN 0-19-861186-2 (set.)
  2. ↑ Yeomans, Donald K. (2006-07-13). "HORIZONS System". NASA JPL. Retrieved 2007-08-08.  — At the site, go to the "web interface" then select "Ephemeris Type: Elements", "Target Body: Jupiter Barycenter" and "Center: Sun".
  3. ↑ Orbital elements refer to the barycenter of the Jupiter system, and are the instantaneous osculating values at the precise J2000 epoch. Barycenter quantities are given because, in contrast to the planetary centre, they do not experience appreciable changes on a day-to-day basis from to the motion of the moons.
  4. ↑ Seligman, Courtney. "Rotation Period and Day Length". Retrieved 2009-08-13. 
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 Àṣìṣe ìtọ́kasí: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named fact
  6. ↑ "The MeanPlane (Invariable plane) of the Solar System passing through the barycenter". 2009-04-03. Archived from the original on 2009-04-20. Retrieved 2009-04-10.  (produced with Solex 10 Archived 2015-05-24 at the Wayback Machine. written by Aldo Vitagliano; see also Invariable plane)
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  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Refers to the level of 1 bar atmospheric pressure
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  13. ↑ Lati 2008, planeti totobijulo lode Sistemu Orun ni TrES-4.
  14. ↑ Àṣìṣe ìtọ́kasí: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named etymologyonline
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Awon iwe kika

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  • Bagenal, F.; Dowling, T. E.; McKinnon, W. B., eds (2004). Jupiter: The planet, satellites, and magnetosphere. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521818087. 
  • Beebe, Reta (1997). Jupiter: The Giant Planet (Second ed.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 1560987316. 

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