Àkójọ àwọn èdè iṣẹ́ọba
Ìrísí
Àwọn èdè iṣẹ́ọba àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè olómìnira
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]Èdè 116 ni wọ́n wà nínú ẹ̀ka yìí.
A
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- South Africa (with English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
- Albania
- Kosovo (independence disputed)
- Montenegro (with Montenegrin, Serbian, Bosnian and Croatian)
- Serbia (in Kosovo and several municipalities in Central-Serbia)
- Algeria
- Bahrain
- Chad (with French)
- Comoros (with French and Comorian)
- Djibouti (with French)
- Egypt
- Eritrea (with Tigrignan)
- Iraq (with Kurdish)
- Israel (with Hebrew)
- Jordan
- Kuwait
- Lebanon
- Libya
- Mauritania
- Morocco
- Oman
- Palestinian Authority
- Qatar
- Saudi Arabia
- Somalia (with Somali)
- Sudan (with English)
- Syria
- Tunisia
- United Arab Emirates
- Yemen
B
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- Spain (co-official in the Basque autonomous community and in the Basque speaking area of Navarre)
- Bangladesh (in this Country the language is mainly known as Bangla Archived 2014-03-07 at the Wayback Machine.)
- India (with 22 other official languages)
- Vanuatu Archived 2005-12-24 at the Wayback Machine.
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Croatian, Serbian)
- Montenegro (with Montenegrin, Serbian, Albanian and Croatian)
- Serbia (in the region of Sandžak)
C
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- Andorra
- Spain (co-official in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and the Valencian Community with the name valencian)
Chinese (see also Sinitic languages):
- Republic of China in Taiwan (Mandarin, Taiwanese, and Hakka are spoken, Traditional Chinese is written; Mandarin is designated as national language)
- People's Republic of China (varieties of Chinese languages are spoken, Simplified Chinese is written, Mandarin is designated as national language)
- Hong Kong (The Sino-British Joint Declaration and Hong Kong Basic Law do not explicitly specify the standard for "Chinese" but de facto Cantonese is spoken and Traditional Chinese is written; co-official with English)
- Macau (Cantonese is spoken de facto, Traditional Chinese is written; co-official with Portuguese)
- Singapore (Mandarin, Hokkien, Teochew, and other varieties are spoken, Simplified Chinese is written. Mandarin is taught as "Chinese"; co-official with English, Malay and Tamil)
- part of Austria
- Burgenland (with German and Hungarian)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Bosnian, Serbian)
- Croatia
- part of Italy
- part of Serbia
- Montenegro (with Montenegrin, Serbian, Bosnian and Albanian)
D
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- Denmark
- Faroe Islands (with Faroese)
- Greenland (with Kalaallisut)
Dari:
- Afghanistan (with Pashto)
- Belgium (sole official language in Flanders, with French in Brussels)
- The Netherlands (sole official language in every province except Friesland, where West Frisian is co-official)
- Aruba (with Papiamento)
- Netherlands Antilles (with English and Papiamento)
- Suriname (also Sranan Tongo, Hindi, Javanese, English)
E
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
English (see also List of countries where English is an official language):
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Australia (considered de facto as no official language is mentioned in the Australian Constitution, with many other Aboriginal languages)
- Bahamas
- Barbados
- Belize
- Botswana (but the national language is Tswana)
- Canada (with French)
- Cameroon (with French)
- Dominica
- Fiji (with Bau Fijian and Hindustani)
- Hong Kong (with Chinese)
- The Gambia
- Ghana
- Grenada (with French creole)
- Guernsey (with French)
- Guyana
- India (with 22 other official languages)
- Republic of Ireland (with Irish)
- Jamaica
- Jersey (with French)
- Kenya (with Swahili)
- Kiribati
- Lesotho (with Sotho)
- Liberia
- Madagascar (with Malagasy and French)
- Malawi (with Chichewa)
- Malta (with Maltese)
- Isle of Man (with Manx Gaelic)
- Marshall Islands (with Marshallese)
- Mauritius
- Micronesia
- Namibia (Afrikaans, German, and Oshiwambo are regional spoken)[2]
- Nauru (with Nauruan)
- Netherlands Antilles (with Dutch and Papiamento)
- New Zealand (with Māori and New Zealand Sign Language)
- Nigeria
- Pakistan (with Urdu as the national language)
- Philippines (with Filipino)
- Palau (with Palauan and Japanese)
- Papua New Guinea (with Tok Pisin and Motu)
- Rwanda (with French and Kinyarwanda)
- St. Kitts and Nevis
- St. Lucia (with French creole)
- St. Vincent and the Grenadines (with French creole)
- Samoa (with Samoan)
- Seychelles (with Creole, French)
- Sierra Leone
- Singapore (with Chinese, Malay, Tamil)
- Solomon Islands
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
- Sudan (with Arabic)
- Swaziland (with Swati)
- Tanzania (with Swahili)
- Tonga
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Tuvalu
- Uganda (with Swahili)
- United Kingdom (along with Irish, Ulster Scots, Scots, Scottish Gaelic, Cornish and Welsh)
- United States (de facto)
- Vanuatu (with Bislama and French)
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
F
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- Fiji (with English and Hindustani)
- Philippines (with English)
French (see also List of countries where French is an official language):
- Belgium (with Dutch and German)
- Benin
- Burkina Faso
- Burundi (with Kirundi)
- Cameroon (with English)
- Canada (with English)
- Central African Republic
- Chad (with Arabic)
- Comoros (with Arabic and Comorian)
- Côte d'Ivoire
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Djibouti (with Arabic)
- Equatorial Guinea (with Spanish)
- France
- Gabon
- Guernsey (with English)
- Guinea
- Haiti (with Haitian Creole)
- part of Italy
- the Aosta Valley with Italian
- Jersey (with English)
- Luxembourg (with German and Luxembourgish)
- Madagascar (with Malagasy and English)
- Mali
- Monaco
- Niger
- Republic of the Congo
- Rwanda (with English and Kinyarwanda)
- Senegal
- Seychelles (with English)
- Saint Lucia (French Patois with English)
- Switzerland (with German, Italian, and Rhaeto-Romansch)
- Togo
- Vanuatu (with Bislama and English)
- The Netherlands (with Dutch)
G
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- Georgia
- South Ossetia (with Russian and Ossetian - independence disputed)[3]
- Austria
- Belgium (with Dutch and French)
- Germany
- Liechtenstein
- Luxembourg (with French and Luxembourgish)
- Italy
- Province of Bolzano-Bozen (together with Italian and Ladin)
- Switzerland (with French, Italian, and Rhaeto-Romansch)
- 17 of the 26 cantons (monolingually German)
- Graubünden (with Italian and Romansh)
- Bern (with French)
- Fribourg (with French)
- Valais (with French)
- India (with 22 other official languages)
H
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- India (with 22 other official languages)
- Fiji (with English and Bau Fijian; known constitutionally as Hindustani as an umbrella term to cover Urdu, as well as Hindi.)
- Papua New Guinea (with English and Tok Pisin)
I
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- Indonesia (a standardized dialect of Malay)
- parts of Canada
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuktitut)
- parts of Canada
- Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuinnaqtun)
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- Ireland (with English)
- United Kingdom (along with Ulster Scots, Scots, Welsh, Cornish, Scottish Gaelic and English)
- Italy
- Switzerland (with German and French)
- Ticino
- Graubünden (with German and Rhaeto-Romansh)
- San Marino
- Vatican City (with Latin and French)
- part of Croatia
- Istria county (with Croatian)
- part of Slovenia
J
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
K
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- India (with 22 other official languages)
- Kazakhstan (with Russian)
- part of the People's Republic of China
- part of the Mongolia
- Mori, with Mongolian
- Democratic People's Republic of Korea
- Republic of Korea
- part of the People's Republic of China with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Iraq (with Arabic)
- Kyrgyzstan (with Russian)
- part of the People's Republic of China
- Kizilsu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
L
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
Lao:
- Luxembourg (with French and German)
M
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- Masẹdóníà Àríwá
- part of Albania
- Madagascar (with French and English)
- Malaysia (Called Malaysian Language)
- Brunei
- Singapore (with English, Chinese and Tamil)
- Indonesia (called Indonesian Language, a dialect of the Malay, slightly differs with Malay used in Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore)
- India (with 22 other official languages)
- Malta (with English)
- Isle of Man (with English)
- New Zealand (with English and New Zealand Sign Language)
- India (with 22 other official languages)
Moldovan (identical to Romanian according to the law of Moldova[4])
- Mongolia
- part of the People's Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Haixi, with Tibetan and Chinese (Mandarin)
- Bortala, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Bayin'gholin, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Dorbod, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Qian Gorlos, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Harqin Left, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Fuxin, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Weichang, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Subei, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Henan, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Montenegro (with Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian and Croatian)
N
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
- Zimbabwe (with English and Shona)
- New Zealand (alongside English and Maori)
- Norway (two official written forms - Bokmål and Nynorsk)
O
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- Spain (Aranese is co-official in the Aran Valley and in Catalonia)
- South Ossetia (with Russian and Georgian - independence disputed)[5]
P
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- Aruba (with Dutch)
- Netherlands Antilles (with English and Dutch)
- Afghanistan (with Dari)
- Pakistan (Majority language of the NWFP but has no official status)
- Iran
- Afghanistan (called Dari-Persian in Afghanistan) (with Pashto)
- Tajikistan (called Tajiki-Persian in Tajikistan)
Q
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]dogri language is also speak in part of rawalpindi distract
R
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- Romania
- Moldova (official called Moldovan, although identical to Romanian according to the law of Moldova[4])
- part of Serbia
- Vojvodina (with Croatian, Hungarian, Serbian, Slovak and Ruthenian)
- Switzerland (with German, French, and Italian)
- Graubünden (with German and Italian)
- Russia (in some regions together with regional languages)
- Abkhazia (with Abkhaz - independence disputed)[6]
- Belarus (with Belarusian)
- Kazakhstan (with Kazakh)
- Kyrgyzstan (with Kyrgyz)
- Moldova (with Moldovan, Ukrainian and Gagauz)
- South Ossetia (with Ossetian and Georgian - independence disputed)[7]
S
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- India (with 22 other official languages)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Bosnian, Croatian)
- Montenegro
- Serbia
- Kosovo (independence disputed; with Albanian)
- India (with 22 other official languages)
- Pakistan (Official language in the Province of Sindh along with Urdu and English)
- Sri Lanka (with Tamil, and with English as a link language)
- Lesotho (with English)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
- Argentina
- Bolivia (with Aymara and Quechua)
- Chile
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- El Salvador
- Equatorial Guinea (with French and Portuguese)
- Guatemala
- Honduras
- Mexico (de facto) (with Mayan and Náhuatl)
- Nicaragua
- Panama
- Paraguay (with Guaraní)
- Peru (with Aymara and Quechua)
- Spain (Aranese, Basque, Catalan, and Galician are co-official in some regions)
- Uruguay
- Venezuela
- Surinam (with Dutch, English, Hindi an Javanese)
- Swaziland (with English)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
- Sweden (de jure since July 1st 2009)
- Finland (with Finnish)
- Åland (monolingually Swedish) (an autonomous province under Finnish sovereignty)
T
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- Tajikistan
- part of the People's Republic of China
- Taxkorgan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- India (with 22 other official languages)
- Singapore (with English, Chinese and Malay)
- Sri Lanka (with Sinhala, and with English as a link language)
- India (with 22 other official languages)
- East Timor (with Portuguese)
Thai:
- Papua New Guinea (with English and Hiri Motu)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
- Botswana (with English)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
U
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
Urdu:
- India (with 22 other official languages)
- Jammu and Kashmir
- Delhi Territory
- Uttar Pradesh state
- Pakistan (with English, Pothowari, Punjabi, Kashmiri (Koshur), Pashto, Sindhi, Siraiki, Balochi and Brahui)
- Fiji (with English and Bau Fijian; known constitutionally as Hindustani as an umbrella term to cover Urdu, as well as Hindi.)
V
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Xhosa, Zulu)
W
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- United Kingdom (Wales) (with English)
X
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Zulu)
Y
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
- Russia (only in Jewish Autonomous Oblast, with Russian)
Z
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
Zulu:
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)
Number of countries with the same official language
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]This is a ranking of languages by number of sovereign countries in which they are official.
- 55 countries: English
- largest: United States, Nigeria, United Kingdom
- 29 countries: French
- largest: France, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Canada
- 24 countries: Arabic
- 20 countries: Spanish
- 10 countries: Russian
- largest: Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus
- 10 countries: Portuguese
- largest: Brazil, Portugal, Mozambique, Angola
- 7 countries: German
- largest: Germany, Austria, Switzerland
- 5 countries: Dutch
- largest: Netherlands, Belgium, Suriname
- 4 countries: Italian, Serbian,
- 3 countries: Malay, Persian, Swahili, Tamil, Urdu, Hungarian, Mandarin.
- 2 countries: Aymara, Bengali, Croatian, Greek, Hindi, Korean, Quechua, Romanian, Sotho, Swati, Swedish, Tswana, Turkish.
- 1 country: numerous languages
In Africa
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]In the Americas
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]- 20 countries: Spanish
- 14 countries: English
- 3 countries: Dutch
- 2 countries: Aymara, French, Quechua
- 1 country: Guaraní, Haitian Creole, Portuguese
In Asia
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]In Europe
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]In Oceania
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]- 12 countries: English
- 1 country: French and numerous languages
Official languages of subnational entities
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]Aranese see Occitan
- Basque Autonomous Community (with Spanish)
- Navarre (in some areas with Spanish)
- Hong Kong (for Chinese language, both Cantonese and Mandarin are spoken de facto; co-official with English)
- Macau (for Chinese language, both Cantonese and Mandarin are spoken de facto; co-official with Portuguese)
- parts of Spain
- Balearic Islands (with Spanish)
- Catalonia (with Spanish)
- Valencia (named as Valencian, with Spanish)
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
Cree:
- Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, and South Slavey)
English:
- parts of Canada:
See also:Official language by province
- Alberta
- British Columbia
- Manitoba
- Newfoundland and Labrador
- Nova Scotia
- Ontario
- Prince Edward Island
- Saskatchewan
- New Brunswick (with French)
- Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, Cree, French, Gwich’in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, Slavey (North and South) and Tłįchǫ)
- Nunavut (with Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, and French)
- Yukon (with French)
- The United Kingdom:
- Scotland.
- Northern Ireland.
- Wales.
- England.
- parts of the United States. See English-only movement. English is an official language in the following states and territories:
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii (with Hawaiian language)
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kentucky
- Massachusetts
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Montana
- Nebraska
- New Hampshire
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Puerto Rico (with Spanish)
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Texas
- Tennessee
- U.S. Virgin Islands
- Utah
- Virginia
- West Virginia
- Wyoming
- Faroe Islands (with Danish)
- parts of Canada
see also Official language by province
- New Brunswick (co-official with English)
- Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, Cree, English, Gwich’in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, Slavey (North and South) and Tłįchǫ)
- Nunavut (with English, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut)
- Quebec
- Yukon (with English)
- Pondicherry (co-official with Tamil in the Union Territory of Pondicherry. Also Telugu and Malayalam are its regional official languages)
- part of Italy
- Aosta (co-official with Italian)
- part of England with chanel island
- part of USA with louisiane
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- Hawaii (with English)
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuktitut)
- Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuinnaqtun)
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- Greenland (with Danish)
- Aran Valley (with Catalan and Spanish)
- Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak and Ruthenian)
- Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak)
Sami:
- Finland (in four municipalities)
- Norway (in six municipalities in two provinces)
- Sweden (in four municipalities and surrounding municipalities)
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- Puerto Rico (with English)
- French Polynesia (with French)
- Tibet Autonomous Region (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Aba (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Garzê (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Diqing (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Wenshan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Gannan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Haibai (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Hainan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Huangnan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Golog (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Gyêgu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Haixi (with Mongolian and Chinese (Mandarin))
- Muli (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Tianzhu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
- Xinjiang (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Part of Russia
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References
[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]- ↑ (Rọ́síà) "Конституция Республики Абхазия". President of Abkhazia. Archived from the original on 2009-03-21. Retrieved 2009-03-17.
- ↑ Namibia - Constitution, servat.unibe.ch/icl (International Constitutional Law collection), 1990, retrieved 2008-05-02 (Article 3)
- ↑ (Rọ́síà) "Конституции Республики Южная Осетия". The State Committee on Information and Press of the Republic of South Ossetia. Archived from the original on 2018-12-26. Retrieved 2009-03-17.
- 1 2 The 1989 Language Law of the Moldavian SSR, which is still in force in Moldova (according to the Constitution Archived 2006-02-08 at the Wayback Machine.) asserts the existence of a "linguistic Moldo-Romanian identity".
"The law of 1 September 1989 regarding the usage of languages spoken on the territory of the Republic of Moldova remains valid, excepting the points where it contradicts this constitution."
— Constitution of the Republic of Moldova, Title 7, Article 7"Moldavian SSR supports the desire of the Moldovans that live across the borders of the Republic, and considering the really existing linguistical Moldo-Romanian identity - of the Romanians that live on the territory of the USSR, of doing their studies and satisfying their cultural needs in their maternal language."
— Law regarding the usage of languages spoken on the territory of the Republic of Moldova - ↑ (Rọ́síà) "Конституции Республики Южная Осетия". The State Committee on Information and Press of the Republic of South Ossetia. Archived from the original on 2018-12-26. Retrieved 2009-03-17.
- ↑ (Rọ́síà) "Конституция Республики Абхазия". President of Abkhazia. Archived from the original on 2009-03-21. Retrieved 2009-03-17.
- ↑ (Rọ́síà) "Конституции Республики Южная Осетия". The State Committee on Information and Press of the Republic of South Ossetia. Archived from the original on 2018-12-26. Retrieved 2009-03-17.