Copper
Lát'ọwọ́ Wikipedia, ìwé ìmọ̀ ọ̀fẹ́
|
|
| Ìfarahàn |
reddish/orange metallic luster
Native copper (~4 cm in size) |
| Àwọn ìní àníkárí |
| Orúkọ, àmì-ìdámọ̀, nọ́mbà |
copper, Cu, 29 |
| Ẹ̀ka apilẹ̀sẹ̀ |
transition metal |
| Àdìpọ̀, ìgbà, block |
11, 4, d |
| Ìwúwo átọ́mù |
63.546(3) g·mol−1 |
| Ìtòjọ ẹ̀lẹ́ktrónì |
[Ar] 3d10 4s1 |
| Àwọn ẹ̀lẹ́ktrónì lórí ọ̀nà kan |
2, 8, 18, 1 (Image) |
| Àwọn ìní aláfójúrí |
| Phase |
solid |
| Kíki (tó súnmọ́ r.t.) |
8.94 g·cm−3 |
| Liquid density at m.p. |
8.02 g·cm−3 |
| ojúàmì ìyọ́ |
1357.77 K, 1084.62 °C, 1984.32 °F |
| ajúàmì ìhó |
2835 K, 2562 °C, 4643 °F |
| Heat of fusion |
13.26 kJ·mol−1 |
| Heat of vaporization |
300.4 kJ·mol−1 |
| Specific heat capacity |
(25 °C) 24.440 J·mol−1·K−1 |
| Vapor pressure |
| P/Pa |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
| at T/K |
1509 |
1661 |
1850 |
2089 |
2404 |
2834 |
|
| Atomic properties |
| Oxidation states |
+1, +2, +3, +4
(mildly basic oxide) |
| Electronegativity |
1.90 (Pauling scale) |
Ionization energies
(more) |
1st: 745.5 kJ·mol−1 |
| 2nd: 1957.9 kJ·mol−1 |
| 3rd: 3555 kJ·mol−1 |
| Atomic radius |
128 pm |
| Covalent radius |
132±4 pm |
| Van der Waals radius |
140 pm |
| Miscellanea |
| Crystal structure |
face-centered cubic |
| Magnetic ordering |
diamagnetic |
| Electrical resistivity |
(20 °C) 16.78 nΩ·m |
| Thermal conductivity |
(300 K) 401 W·m−1·K−1 |
| Thermal expansion |
(25 °C) 16.5 µm·m−1·K−1 |
| Speed of sound (thin rod) |
(r.t.) (annealed)
3810 m·s−1 |
| Young's modulus |
110–128 GPa |
| Shear modulus |
48 GPa |
| Bulk modulus |
140 GPa |
| Poisson ratio |
0.34 |
| Mohs hardness |
3.0 |
| Vickers hardness |
369 MPa |
| Brinell hardness |
874 MPa |
| CAS registry number |
7440-50-8 |
| Most stable isotopes |
| Main article: Isotopes of copper |
|
|
|
|
