Gadolinium

europium ← gadolinium → terbium - ↑ Gd ↓ Cm 64Gd Periodic table
Ìfarahàn
silvery white
Àwọn ìní àníkárí
Orúkọ, àmì-ìdámọ̀, nọ́mbà	gadolinium, Gd, 64
Ìpè	/ˌɡædɵˈlɪniəm/ GAD-o-LIN-ee-əm
Ẹ̀ka apilẹ̀sẹ̀	lanthanide
Àdìpọ̀, ìgbà, block	n/a, 6, f
Ìwúwo átọ́mù	157.25 g·mol−1
Ìtòjọ ẹ̀lẹ́ktrónì	[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Àwọn ẹ̀lẹ́ktrónì lórí ọ̀nà kan	2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 (Image)
Àwọn ìní aláfójúrí
Phase	solid
Kíki (tó súnmọ́ r.t.)	7.90 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	7.4 g·cm−3
ojúàmì ìyọ́	1585 K, 1312 °C, 2394 °F
ajúàmì ìhó	3546 K, 3273 °C, 5923 °F
Heat of fusion	10.05 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	301.3 kJ·mol−1
Specific heat capacity	(25 °C) 37.03 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure (calculated)
P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T/K 1836 2028 2267 2573 2976 3535
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	1, 2, 3 (mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	1.20 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies	1st: 593.4 kJ·mol−1
	2nd: 1170 kJ·mol−1
	3rd: 1990 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	180 pm
Covalent radius	196±6 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	hexagonal
Magnetic ordering	ferromagnetic/paramagnetic transition at 292 K
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (α, poly) 1.310 µΩ·m
Thermal conductivity	(300 K) 10.6 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion	(100 °C) (α, poly) 9.4 µm/(m·K)
Speed of sound (thin rod)	(20 °C) 2680 m/s
Young's modulus	(α form) 54.8 GPa
Shear modulus	(α form) 21.8 GPa
Bulk modulus	(α form) 37.9 GPa
Poisson ratio	(α form) 0.259
Vickers hardness	570 MPa
CAS registry number	7440-54-2
Most stable isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of gadolinium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 152Gd 0.20% 1.08×1014 y α 2.205 148Sm 154Gd 2.18% 154Gd is stable with 90 neutrons 155Gd 14.80% 155Gd is stable with 91 neutrons 156Gd 20.47% 156Gd is stable with 92 neutrons 157Gd 15.65% 157Gd is stable with 93 neutrons 158Gd 24.84% 158Gd is stable with 94 neutrons 160Gd 21.86% >1.3×1021y β−β− 1.7 160Dy