Thulium
Lát'ọwọ́ Wikipedia, ìwé ìmọ̀ ọ̀fẹ́
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| Ìfarahàn |
silvery gray
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| Àwọn ìní àníkárí |
| Orúkọ, àmì-ìdámọ̀, nọ́mbà |
thulium, Tm, 69 |
| Ẹ̀ka apilẹ̀sẹ̀ |
lanthanide |
| Àdìpọ̀, ìgbà, block |
n/a, 6, f |
| Ìwúwo átọ́mù |
168.93421 g·mol−1 |
| Ìtòjọ ẹ̀lẹ́ktrónì |
[Xe] 4f13 6s2 |
| Àwọn ẹ̀lẹ́ktrónì lórí ọ̀nà kan |
2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 (Image) |
| Àwọn ìní aláfójúrí |
| Phase |
solid |
| Kíki (tó súnmọ́ r.t.) |
9.32 g·cm−3 |
| Liquid density at m.p. |
8.56 g·cm−3 |
| ojúàmì ìyọ́ |
1818 K, 1545 °C, 2813 °F |
| ajúàmì ìhó |
2223 K, 1950 °C, 3542 °F |
| Heat of fusion |
16.84 kJ·mol−1 |
| Heat of vaporization |
247 kJ·mol−1 |
| Specific heat capacity |
(25 °C) 27.03 J·mol−1·K−1 |
| Vapor pressure |
| P/Pa |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
| at T/K |
1117 |
1235 |
1381 |
1570 |
(1821) |
(2217) |
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| Atomic properties |
| Oxidation states |
2, 3, 4 (basic oxide) |
| Electronegativity |
1.25 (Pauling scale) |
| Ionization energies |
1st: 596.7 kJ·mol−1 |
| 2nd: 1160 kJ·mol−1 |
| 3rd: 2285 kJ·mol−1 |
| Atomic radius |
176 pm |
| Covalent radius |
190±10 pm |
| Miscellanea |
| Crystal structure |
hexagonal |
| Magnetic ordering |
paramagnetic at 300 K |
| Electrical resistivity |
(r.t.) (poly) 676 nΩ·m |
| Thermal conductivity |
(300 K) 16.9 W·m−1·K−1 |
| Thermal expansion |
(r.t.) (poly)
13.3 µm/(m·K) |
| Young's modulus |
74.0 GPa |
| Shear modulus |
30.5 GPa |
| Bulk modulus |
44.5 GPa |
| Poisson ratio |
0.213 |
| Vickers hardness |
520 MPa |
| Brinell hardness |
471 MPa |
| CAS registry number |
7440-30-4 |
| Most stable isotopes |
| Main article: Isotopes of thulium |
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