Ruthenium
Lát'ọwọ́ Wikipedia, ìwé ìmọ̀ ọ̀fẹ́
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| Ìfarahàn |
silvery white metallic
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| Àwọn ìní àníkárí |
| Orúkọ, àmì-ìdámọ̀, nọ́mbà |
ruthenium, Ru, 44 |
| Ìpè |
/ruːˈθiːniəm/
roo-THEE-nee-əm |
| Ẹ̀ka apilẹ̀sẹ̀ |
transition metal |
| Àdìpọ̀, ìgbà, block |
8, 5, d |
| Ìwúwo átọ́mù |
101.07 g·mol−1 |
| Ìtòjọ ẹ̀lẹ́ktrónì |
[Kr] 4d7 5s1 |
| Àwọn ẹ̀lẹ́ktrónì lórí ọ̀nà kan |
2, 8, 18, 15, 1 (Image) |
| Àwọn ìní aláfójúrí |
| Kíki (tó súnmọ́ r.t.) |
12.45 g·cm−3 |
| Liquid density at m.p. |
10.65 g·cm−3 |
| ojúàmì ìyọ́ |
2607 K, 2334 °C, 4233 °F |
| ajúàmì ìhó |
4423 K, 4150 °C, 7502 °F |
| Heat of fusion |
38.59 kJ·mol−1 |
| Heat of vaporization |
591.6 kJ·mol−1 |
| Specific heat capacity |
(25 °C) 24.06 J·mol−1·K−1 |
| Vapor pressure |
| P/Pa |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
| at T/K |
2588 |
2811 |
3087 |
3424 |
3845 |
4388 |
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| Atomic properties |
| Oxidation states |
8, 7, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1,[1], -2
(mildly acidic oxide) |
| Electronegativity |
2.3 (Pauling scale) |
| Ionization energies |
1st: 710.2 kJ·mol−1 |
| 2nd: 1620 kJ·mol−1 |
| 3rd: 2747 kJ·mol−1 |
| Atomic radius |
134 pm |
| Covalent radius |
146±7 pm |
| Miscellanea |
| Crystal structure |
hexagonal |
| Magnetic ordering |
paramagnetic[2] |
| Electrical resistivity |
(0 °C) 71 nΩ·m |
| Thermal conductivity |
(300 K) 117 W·m−1·K−1 |
| Thermal expansion |
(25 °C) 6.4 µm·m−1·K−1 |
| Speed of sound (thin rod) |
(20 °C) 5970 m/s |
| Young's modulus |
447 GPa |
| Shear modulus |
173 GPa |
| Bulk modulus |
220 GPa |
| Poisson ratio |
0.30 |
| Mohs hardness |
6.5 |
| Brinell hardness |
2160 MPa |
| CAS registry number |
7440-18-8 |
| Most stable isotopes |
| Main article: Isotopes of ruthenium |
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