Fósfórù

Fósfórù
15P
N ↑ P ↓ As Tábìlì ìdásìkò sílíkọ́nù ← fósfórù → sulfur
Ìhànsójú
colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black waxy white (yellow cut), red (granules centre left, chunk centre right), and violet phosphorus
Àwọn ìdámọ́ wíwọ́pọ̀
Orúkọ, àmì-ìdámọ́, nọ́mbà	fósfórù, P, 15
Ìpèlóhùn	/ˈfɒsfərəs/ FOS-fər-əs
Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ̀nti	aláìjẹ́-mẹ́tàlì
Ẹgbẹ́, àsìkò, àdìpò	15, 3, p
Ìwúwo átọ́mù	30.973762(2)
Ìtòléra ẹ̀lẹ́ktrónì	[Ne] 3s2 3p3 2, 8, 5
Ìtàn
Ìwárí	Hennig Brand (1669)
Recognized as an element by	Antoine Lavoisier (1777)
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	(white) 1.823, (red) ≈ 2.2 – 2.34, (violet) 2.36, (black) 2.69 g·cm−3
Melting point	(white) 44.2 °C, (black) 610 °C
Sublimation point	(red) ≈ 416 – 590  °C, (violet) 620 °C
Boiling point	(white) 280.5 °C
Heat of fusion	(white) 0.66 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vapourisation	(white) 12.4 kJ·mol−1
Molar heat capacity	(white) 23.824 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapour pressure (white)
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 279 307 342 388 453 549
Vapour pressure (red, bp. 431 °C)
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 455 489 529 576 635 704
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −3 (mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	2.19 (Pauling scale)
Ionisation energies (more)	1st: 1011.8 kJ·mol−1
	2nd: 1907 kJ·mol−1
	3rd: 2914.1 kJ·mol−1
Covalent radius	107±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	180 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	triclinic
Magnetic ordering	(white, red, violet, black) diamagnetic
Thermal conductivity	(white) 0.236, (black) 12.1 W·m−1·K−1
Bulk modulus	(white) 5, (red) 11 GPa
CAS registry number	7723-14-0
Àwọn ísótòpù dídúró jùlọ
Main article: Àwọn ísótòpù fósfórù
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 31P 100% 31P is stable with 16 neutrons 32P syn 14.28 d β− 1.709 32S 33P syn 25.3 d β− 0.249 33S

Fósfórù ni ẹ́límẹ̀ntì kẹ́míkà kan tó ní àmì-ìdámọ̀ P àti nọ́mbà átọ̀mù 15. Elimenti to je alaije-metali afagbarapupodimu to wa ninu egbe nitrojin, fosforu gegebi alumoni unwa ni ipoaye isodioksidi bo se ye, gegebi inorganic awon okuta fosfati alainiorgani. Elimenti fosforu wa ni ida meji pataki—fosforu funfun ati fosforu pupa—sugbon nitori isedarapo giga re, fosforu ko da wa bi elimenti lori Aye.

The first form of elemental phosphorus to be produced (white phosphorus, in 1669) emits a faint glow upon exposure to oxygen – hence its name given from Greek mythology, Φωσφόρος meaning "light-bearer" (Latin Lucifer), referring to the "Morning Star", the planet Venus. The term "phosphorescence", meaning glow after illumination, originally derives from this property of phosphorus, although this word has since been used for a different physical process that produces a glow. The glow of phosphorus itself originates from oxidation of the white (but not red) phosphorus— a process now termed chemiluminescence.