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Praseodymium

Lát'ọwọ́ Wikipedia, ìwé ìmọ̀ ọ̀fẹ́
Praseodymium, 59Pr
Praseodymium
Pípè /ˌprzəˈdɪmiəm/[1] (PRAY-zee-ə-DIM-ee-əm)
Ìhànsójúgrayish white
Ìwúwo átọ̀mù Ar, std(Pr)140.90766(1)[2]
Praseodymium ní orí tábìlì àyè
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
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Pr

Pa
ceriumpraseodymiumneodymium
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z)59
Ẹgbẹ́group n/a
Àyèàyè 6
Àdìpọ̀Àdìpọ̀-f
Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì  Lanthanide
Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù[Xe] 4f3 6s2
Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2
Àwọn ohun ìní ara
Ìfarahàn at STPsolid
Ìgbà ìyọ́1208 K ​(935 °C, ​1715 °F)
Ígbà ìhó3793 K ​(3520 °C, ​6368 °F)
Kíki (near r.t.)6.77 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)6.50 g/cm3
Heat of fusion6.89 kJ/mol
Heat of 331 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity27.20 J/(mol·K)
 pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1771 1973 (2227) (2571) (3054) (3779)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states0,[3] +1,[4] +2, +3, +4, +5 Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.13
Atomic radiusempirical: 182 pm
Covalent radius203±7 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of praseodymium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurehexagonal
Hexagonal crystal structure for praseodymium
Speed of sound thin rod2280 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion(r.t.) (α, poly) 6.7 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity12.5 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity(r.t.) (α, poly)
0.700 µ Ω·m
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic [5]
Young's modulus(α form) 37.3 GPa
Shear modulus(α form) 14.8 GPa
Bulk modulus(α form) 28.8 GPa
Poisson ratio(α form) 0.281
Vickers hardness400 MPa
Brinell hardness481 MPa
CAS Number7440-10-0
Main isotopes of praseodymium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
141Pr 100% 141Pr is stable with 82 neutrons
142Pr syn 19.12 h β 2.162 142Nd
ε 0.745 142Ce
143Pr syn 13.57 d β 0.934 143Nd
Àdàkọ:Category-inline
| references

Praseodymium (pípè /ˌpreɪzi.ɵˈdɪmiəm/ PRAY-zee-o-DIM-ee-əm tabi /ˌpreɪsi.ɵˈdɪmiəm/ PRAY-see-o-DIM-ee-əm) je apilese kemika to ni ami-idamo Pr ati nomba atomu 59.


  1. Àdàkọ:OED
  2. Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. 
  3. Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce, Pm, Eu, Tm, Yb have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. 
  4. Chen, Xin (2019-12-13). "Lanthanides with Unusually Low Oxidation States in the PrB3– and PrB4– Boride Clusters". Inorganic Chemistry 58 (1): 411–418. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02572. PMID 30543295. 
  5. M. Jackson "Magnetism of Rare Earth" The IRM quarterly col. 10, No. 3, p. 1, 2000