Praseodymium

Praseodymium, ₅₉Pr
Praseodymium
Pípè	/ˌpreɪziːəˈdɪmiəm/ (PRAY-zee-ə-DIM-ee-əm)
Ìhànsójú	grayish white
Ìwúwo átọ̀mù Ar, std(Pr)	140.90766(1)
Praseodymium ní orí tábìlì àyè
	cerium ← praseodymium → neodymium
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z)	59
Ẹgbẹ́	group n/a
Àyè	àyè 6
Àdìpọ̀	Àdìpọ̀-f
Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì	Lanthanide
Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù	[Xe] 4f3 6s2
Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan	2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2
Àwọn ohun ìní ara
Ìfarahàn at STP	solid
Ìgbà ìyọ́	1208 K (935 °C, 1715 °F)
Ígbà ìhó	3793 K (3520 °C, 6368 °F)
Kíki (near r.t.)	6.77 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	6.50 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	6.89 kJ/mol
Heat of	331 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	27.20 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.13
Atomic radius	empirical: 182 pm
Covalent radius	203±7 pm
	Color lines in a spectral rangeSpectral lines of praseodymium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	hexagonal
Speed of sound thin rod	2280 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	(r.t.) (α, poly) 6.7 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity	12.5 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (α, poly); 0.700 µ Ω·m
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	(α form) 37.3 GPa
Shear modulus	(α form) 14.8 GPa
Bulk modulus	(α form) 28.8 GPa
Poisson ratio	(α form) 0.281
Vickers hardness	400 MPa
Brinell hardness	481 MPa
CAS Number	7440-10-0
Main isotopes of praseodymium
	Àdàkọ:Category-inline; wo; ọ̀rọ̀; àtúnṣe; \| references

Praseodymium (pípè /ˌpreɪzi.ɵˈdɪmiəm/ PRAY-zee-o-DIM-ee-əm tabi /ˌpreɪsi.ɵˈdɪmiəm/ PRAY-see-o-DIM-ee-əm) je apilese kemika to ni ami-idamo Pr ati nomba atomu 59.

Àyọkà yìí tàbí apá rẹ̀ únfẹ́ àtúnṣe sí.

Ẹ le fẹ̀ jù báyìí lọ tàbí kí ẹ ṣàtúnṣe rẹ̀ lọ́nà tí yíò mu kúnrẹ́rẹ́. Ẹ ran Wikipedia lọ́wọ́ láti fẹ̀ẹ́ jù báyìí lọ.

Itokasi

↑ Àdàkọ:OED
↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
↑ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce, Pm, Eu, Tm, Yb have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017.
↑ Chen, Xin (2019-12-13). "Lanthanides with Unusually Low Oxidation States in the PrB^3– and PrB^4– Boride Clusters". Inorganic Chemistry 58 (1): 411–418. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02572. PMID 30543295.
↑ M. Jackson "Magnetism of Rare Earth" The IRM quarterly col. 10, No. 3, p. 1, 2000

[1] Àdàkọ:OED

[CIAAW2013-2] Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[Cloke1993-3] Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce, Pm, Eu, Tm, Yb have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017.

[4] Chen, Xin (2019-12-13). "Lanthanides with Unusually Low Oxidation States in the PrB^3– and PrB^4– Boride Clusters". Inorganic Chemistry 58 (1): 411–418. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02572. PMID 30543295.

[jackson-5] M. Jackson "Magnetism of Rare Earth" The IRM quarterly col. 10, No. 3, p. 1, 2000

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]