Gadolinium

Gadolinium, ₆₄Gd
Gadolinium
Pípè	/ˌɡædəˈlɪniəm/ (GAD-ə-LIN-ee-əm)
Ìhànsójú	silvery white
Ìwúwo átọ̀mù Ar, std(Gd)	157.25(3)
Gadolinium ní orí tábìlì àyè
	europium ← gadolinium → terbium
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z)	64
Ẹgbẹ́	group n/a
Àyè	àyè 6
Àdìpọ̀	Àdìpọ̀-f
Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì	Lanthanide
Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù	[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan	2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
Àwọn ohun ìní ara
Ìfarahàn at STP	solid
Ìgbà ìyọ́	1585 K (1312 °C, 2394 °F)
Ígbà ìhó	3546 K (3273 °C, 5923 °F)
Kíki (near r.t.)	7.90 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	7.4 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	10.05 kJ/mol
Heat of	301.3 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	37.03 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0, +1, +2, +3 Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.20
Atomic radius	empirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius	196±6 pm
	Color lines in a spectral rangeSpectral lines of gadolinium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	hexagonal
Speed of sound thin rod	2680 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	(100 °C) (α, poly) 9.4 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity	10.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (α, poly) 1.310 µ Ω·m
Magnetic ordering	ferromagnetic/paramagnetic ; transition at 292 K
Young's modulus	(α form) 54.8 GPa
Shear modulus	(α form) 21.8 GPa
Bulk modulus	(α form) 37.9 GPa
Poisson ratio	(α form) 0.259
Vickers hardness	570 MPa
CAS Number	7440-54-2
Main isotopes of gadolinium
	Àdàkọ:Category-inline; wo; ọ̀rọ̀; àtúnṣe; \| references

Àyọkà yìí tàbí apá rẹ̀ únfẹ́ àtúnṣe sí.

Ẹ le fẹ̀ jù báyìí lọ tàbí kí ẹ ṣàtúnṣe rẹ̀ lọ́nà tí yíò mu kúnrẹ́rẹ́. Ẹ ran Wikipedia lọ́wọ́ láti fẹ̀ẹ́ jù báyìí lọ.

Itokasi

↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
↑ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce, Pm, Eu, Tm, Yb have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017.
↑ Charles Kittel (1996). Introduction to Solid State Physics. New York: Wiley. p. 449.

[CIAAW2013-1] Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[Cloke1993-2] Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce, Pm, Eu, Tm, Yb have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017.

[3] Charles Kittel (1996). Introduction to Solid State Physics. New York: Wiley. p. 449.

[1]

[2]

[3]